※ 引述《dogodogo (dogo)》之銘言:
: ※ 引述《archies (Hakuna Matata)》之銘言:
: : 昨天我還在感慨
: : 結果今天就看到新聞了......哎。
: : 的確誠如疾病管制局所言
: : 沖泡嬰兒配方奶粉,水溫至少要70度
: : 為什麼要70度,最主要是殺死奶粉中可能有的病原體
: : 這也就是為什麼很多熱水瓶可以設定70度C保溫的原因
: : 泡完之後,如果是用玻璃奶瓶,可以用流水沖洗
: : 兩分鐘以內,溫度就可以降到40度以下
: : 其實也還蠻快的
: : 而且只要奶粉一開瓶,就"必然"會有環境中的細菌跑進去
: : 下面這網址是美國FDA說明嬰兒奶粉製造過程中可能的污染
: : http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/03/briefing/3939b1_tab4b.htm
: 不好意思駐版醫師,
有疑問歡迎討論啊,不用不好意思
根據上面FDA的資料(我不會很喜歡看廠商的資料)
(因為廠商會喜歡強調他的過程多好多怎麼樣的....不如FDA的清楚明白)
其中一段內文有講到製程溫度
After the addition of micro-nutrients, the liquid may be concentrated by
passing it through an evaporator or it may be pumped directly to the
spray dryer. If the product is evaporated, it is heated to 145 – 170°F
during the process.
In some cases, the concentrated liquid may be cooled to less than 45°F
and stored in a large tank (10,000 – 30,000 gallons) until needed.
Prior to spray drying, the product is pre-heated to 160 – 200°F and
passed through a high pressure pump to the spray dryer nozzles.
The product is atomized into the spray dryer where the inlet air temperature
ranges from 280 - 400°F, depending on the dryer model and process
requirements. The spray dryer may be either a horizontal box-type
dryer or a vertical funnel shaped dryer.
簡單來說,在乾燥過程中,會加熱到華氏160-200度。甚至是後來的華氏280-400度
華氏溫度=攝氏X1.8 + 32.
另外一個是wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_formula
在第一個滅菌步驟中(pasteurization)
This is a process that protects against spoilage by eliminating bacteria,
yeasts and molds. It involves quickly heating and then cooling of the product
under controlled conditions which micro-organisms cannot survive.
The batch is held at around 85–94 °C for approximately 30 seconds
which is necessary to adequately reduce micro-organisms and prepare the formula
for filling.
會加熱到85-94C,約30秒
後來還有一個無菌步驟(Steralization)
sterilization is a traditional retort sterilization method that uses
10-15mins treatment at 118 °C.
Ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) is a method that uses a brief (2–3 seconds)
treatment at 142 °C.
傳統上用攝氏118滅菌,10-15分鐘
後來有超高溫滅菌, 攝氏142度, 2-3秒
: 文中製造奶粉的過程可能有些地方需要更正一下
: 為了避免奶粉中的營養被破壞,還有降低生產奶粉時的費用,工廠會先用低壓環境讓奶粉
: 沸點降低到約50度C做初步除水,且在這個步驟就可以做到殺菌(就是鮮奶廣告中的低溫
: 殺菌)
: 即使到了最後的高溫步驟也不過80度C左右,且只有短短20秒,20秒後會快速的冷卻
: 參考網址如下
: https://www.google.com.tw/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&ei=IyraU9yWMI_f8AX3j4KwAQ&
: url=https://www.usaemergencysupply.com/information_center/powdered_milk_made.h
: tm&cd=2&ved=0CB0QFjAB&usg=AFQjCNH-WjtrxVvkQjJ-Qp7OL1Y036F5ww
這連結沒辦法開,可以請您縮網址嗎?
您看的是"奶粉" 還是"嬰兒奶粉"
"嬰兒奶粉"的製造要求是比一般奶粉嚴格很多的......
也就是不能拿大人喝的給北鼻喝就是......
: 醫師的奶粉製造過程文中,不曉得是不是我沒仔細閱讀,並沒有提到溫度的部分
: 所以才回文的
: 如有冒犯,還請見諒