作者:
enggys (Sam)
2022-11-09 09:54:27請考慮下列兩組敘述句改成疑問句:
1. Mary said that she saw John yesterday.
2. Who did Mary say that she saw?
這裡 1 和 2 文法都是正確的.
3. Mary said that John saw her yesterday.
4. Who did Mary say that saw her?
這裡 3 是對的, 但 4 是錯的, 要寫成如下才對.
5. Who did Mary say saw her?
母語人士會直覺 4 就是錯的, 非母語人士則否.
請問有無方法用傳統文法向學生解釋呢?
若用 wh-movement 和 that-trace 怕會更糟吧.
Thanks in advance.
我覺得把 that-trace 當作是一種 descriptive filter也未嘗不可。Wh-movement 跟 trace 應該在學習造問句時就有點基本概念了。
作者:
enggys (Sam)
2022-11-09 22:22:00母語小朋友看到 sentence diagram 心情都不美麗了; 非母語小朋友看到更難的 syntax tree 恐怕就和我翻臉啦.
作者:
ewayne (ec)
2022-11-10 00:26:00你那句子，到底誰才是句子的主詞？是Who還是Mary?
作者:
enggys (Sam)
2022-11-13 00:26:00一樓 r 大是位行家, 立刻看出這是 prescriptive 和 descriptive 之間的矛盾. 這並不是把它當作陷阱題來刁難各位,而是因為非母語學生都是透過 prescriptive grammar 學習英文, 要如何教導這種句型會讓人感到困擾, 無法單用 usage 解釋 (矇混) 過去. 退一步想, 這些都是常見的句子, 如果考試時被 (刻意或無意地) 出成題目, 老師要如何解釋答案呢?
作者:
dunchee (---)
2022-11-13 22:46:00作者:
enggys (Sam)
2022-11-13 23:17:00母語小朋友不用學 (那虛無縹緲的語感又出現啦), 非母語小朋友的話... 老師教錯就會學錯, 所以是老師應該學, 但要怎麼教小朋友是個問題 (當然不能硬教 generative syntax), 畢竟這些都是生活中常見的句子, 不是嗎?
作者: madgina (愛上不該愛的人) 2022-11-15 19:59:00
只有我覺得時間軸怪嗎？Mary said that she’d seen….
作者:
enggys (Sam)
2022-11-18 16:19:00直述和間接轉述的時間軸考量是不同的, 所以下列四個都對,但語意不同.Mary said that she saw John.Mary said that she had seen John.Mary said that she would see John.Mary said that she will see John.後兩句的差別是 "計劃遇見/拜訪John" 的時間點, 一個已過, 一個未到.另外加贈四個長得有點像, 但不是間接轉述的例子:Mary would say that she saw John.Mary would say that she had seen John.Mary will say that she saw John.Mary will say that she had seen John.有疑惑時, 建議把可能都列舉出來, 一一檢視對錯, 就更不容易忘記.