※ 引述《jack125125 (刀無極)》之銘言：
: http://n.yam.com/cna/society/20141029/20141029648405.html
: 台背包客控澳洲85度C 低薪壓榨
: （中央社記者張茗喧台北29日電）在澳洲打工度假的Allen今天指控，在澳洲85度C工作3
: 個月，遭無預警解僱，工資也遠低於最低時薪澳幣21.08元，認為85度C公司壓榨台灣背包
: 客。
: 青年勞動九五聯盟上午舉辦「澳洲打工度假逐夢變幻夢」記者會，要求台灣85度C公司公
: 開道歉，並返還積欠工資、承諾改善澳洲當地受僱員工勞動條件；呼籲在澳洲打工度假民
: 眾站出來爭取合法薪資，並勇於向澳洲平等工作監察署申訴。
: 聯盟說，近期接獲一名台灣赴澳洲打工度假背包客Allen投訴指出，他在澳洲的85度C公司
: 打工期間的時薪僅有澳幣12元，扣稅後時薪縮水至8元，連吃飯錢都不夠。
: 聯盟隨後直接連線人在澳洲的Allen，他說7月間到澳洲的85度C打工度假，工作3個月後，
: 因請假一週而無預警遭澳洲85度C解僱。
: 他已用打卡紀錄向澳洲當地政府申訴，估計85度C公司積欠新台幣26萬元薪資，目前當地
: 政府正在調查中。
: Allen說，澳洲的工作環境並不理想，大多是做澳洲人不想做的工作，不僅薪資遠低於當
: 地基本工資，還要被課很高的所得稅；他工作的公司85度C，因為用不起當地人和外國背
: 包客，全數雇用台灣和中國大陸打工度假的華人，形同壓榨台灣人。1031029
拿一個最近紐約時報的新聞,也是講關於速食業薪水的問題.
全文重點大概就是,
最低薪資法律規定對改善低薪問題幫助不大.
重點在於勞方要夠強勢,(但台灣勞方普遍弱勢)
由勞資雙方來依據市場調適.
但是勞方也要清楚,要得到高薪,
也就要對其他的服務付出高價(但台灣普遍慣老闆心態).
其他則就要透過社會教育人民互助價值觀.
http://finance.yahoo.com/news/fast-food-denmark-serves-something-155407514.html
Serving up fries, for a living wage
The New York Times
By LIZ ALDERMAN and STEVEN GREENHOUSE
October 28, 2014 10:54 AM
COPENHAGEN — On a recent afternoon, Hampus Elofsson ended his 40-hour
workweek at a Burger King and prepared for a movie and beer with friends. He
had paid his rent and all his bills, stashed away some savings, yet still had
money for nights out.
That is because he earns the equivalent of $20 an hour — the base wage for
fast-food workers throughout Denmark and two and a half times what many
fast-food workers earn in the United States.
“You can make a decent living here working in fast food,” said Mr.
Elofsson, 24. “You don’t have to struggle to get by.”
大意就是
在哥本哈根一個年紀24歲,
每周工作40小時,在漢堡王工作的年輕人Hampus Elofsson,
他收入相當於一小時20美金(大概比澳大利亞的最低時薪多一些些),
這樣薪水是美國的2.5倍左右(所以美國大概是時薪8~9美元),
這樣的生活讓他除了工作之外,還有休閒跟社交生活,
換句話說就是過得還蠻爽的.
(P.S. 在台灣賣149台幣的漢堡王套餐, 哥本哈根那邊賣大概330台幣,
然後在挪威賣大概385台幣, 在美國大概是200台幣).
With an eye to workers like Mr. Elofsson, some American labor activists and
liberal scholars are posing a provocative question: If Danish chains can pay
$20 an hour, why can’t those in the United States pay the $15 an hour that
many fast-food workers have been clamoring for?
“We see from Denmark that it’s possible to run a profitable fast-food
business while paying workers these kinds of wages,” said John Schmitt, an
economist at the Center for Economic Policy Research, a liberal think tank in
Washington.
美國勞工運動跟自由派學者說,
同樣工作丹麥可以時薪20美元,
為啥麼美國連時薪15美元都不行?
Many American economists and business groups say the comparison is deeply
flawed because of fundamental differences between Denmark and the United
States, including Denmark’s high living costs and taxes, a generous social
safety net that includes universal health care and a collective bargaining
system in which employer associations and unions work together. The fast-food
restaurants here are also less profitable than their American counterparts.
許多美國經濟學者跟工商團體說這樣的比較是很有問題的.
因為丹麥生活成本高,稅高,社會福利也超好,
加上工會的議價能力也強,
所以那邊同樣的速食店獲利就比美國低.
“Trying to compare the business and labor practices in Denmark and the U.S.
is like comparing apples to autos,” said Steve Caldeira, president of the
International Franchise Association, a group based in Washington that
promotes franchising and has many fast-food companies as members.
“Denmark is a small country” with a far higher cost of living, Mr. Caldeira
said.“Unions dominate, and the employment system revolves around that fact.”
國際連鎖業聯盟總裁Steve Calderia說,
拿丹麥跟美國來比較勞資關係,就像是是香蕉比芭樂.
丹麥是生活成本超高的小國,而且那邊工會也主導勞雇系統.
But as Denmark illustrates, companies have managed to adapt in countries that
demand a living wage, and economists like Mr. Schmitt see it as a possible
model.
Denmark has no minimum-wage law. But Mr. Elofsson’s $20 an hour is the
lowest the fast-food industry can pay under an agreement between Denmark’s
3F union, the nation’s largest, and the Danish employers group Horesta,
which includes Burger King, McDonald’s, Starbucks and other restaurant and
hotel companies.
經濟學者Schmitt認為,但就丹麥看來,
企業在如此高生活薪資環境也並非不能生存,
所以這是一個可行的模式.
丹麥並沒有法律規定最低薪資. 但是Elofsson說,
時薪20美元是丹麥最大的"3F"工會跟丹麥的雇主聯盟,
雙方所協議出速食業的最低給付薪資.
(所以拿時薪20美元的在丹麥其實還是魯蛇).
By contrast, fast-food wages in the United States are so low that half of the
nation’s fast-food workers rely on some form of public assistance, a study
from the University of California, Berkeley found. American fast-food workers
earn an average of $8.90 an hour.
反觀,
在美國速食業薪水是這麼的低,
有一半的從業人員得依靠某些社會救濟才得以過活.
UCB的研究指出美國速食業平均薪資是每小時8.9美元
(所以拿到每小時美6~7元應該也不誇張).
As a shift manager at a Burger King near Tampa, Fla., Anthony Moore earns $9
an hour, typically working 35 hours a week and taking home around $300 weekly.
在佛羅里達漢堡王連鎖店的值班經理Anthony Moore,
每小時收入9美元,每周工作35小時,然後實拿大概300美元.
(P.S.月薪大概是38000~39000台幣).
“It’s very inadequate,” said Mr. Moore, 26, who supervises 10 workers. His
rent is $600 a month, and he often falls behind on his lighting and water
bills. A single father, he receives $164 a month in food stamps for his
daughters, 5 and 2.
這個管理10名員工的Moore說,這筆錢真的很少,
他房租租金一個月要600美元,
然後他的水電瓦斯費常常不能準時付清.
身為單親父親還要養兩個2歲跟5歲的女兒,
所以他每個月領取164美元的糧票.
(P.S. 房租占掉他月實收將近50%).
“Sometimes I ask, ‘Do I buy food or do I buy them clothes?’ ” Mr. Moore
said. “If I made $20 an hour, I could actually live, instead of dreaming
about living.”
Mr. Moore’s daughters receive health care through Medicaid, while he is
uninsured because he cannot afford Burger King’s coverage, he said.
“I skip the doctor,” he said, adding that he sometimes goes to work sick
because “I can’t miss the money.”
他說,有時候我會想,我要幫女兒們買吃的還是衣服?
如果我一小時可以賺20美元,
我就真的可以過生活,而不是夢想怎麼過生活.
她的女兒經由Medicaid得到醫療照顧,
但是他自己並沒有任何醫療保險,
因為他付不起漢堡王系統下的保險費.
他說,我生病看不起醫生,而且有時候得抱病上班,
因為我不能少掉任何一點收入.
Burger King declined to discuss wages or benefits, saying those decisions
were made by its franchise operators. The company said that its “restaurants
have provided an entry point into the work force for millions of Americans,”
and that the Burger King McLamore Foundation gave some employees emergency
financial assistance and college scholarships.
漢堡王拒絕對討論薪資與福利.說這些是由公司加盟業者做的決定.
他們提供給美國數千萬勞動力一些工作機會,
他們的McLamore基金還提供員工緊急經濟援助以及大學獎學金.
Mr. Schmitt, the economist, acknowledged that it would take some time for the
American fast-food industry to adjust to higher wages.
“We would need to phase this in,” said Mr. Schmitt, who is co-editor of the
book “Low-Wage Work in the Wealthy World.” “We’ve created a low-road
economy, and it’s going to take us some time to build up the speed to get
onto the high road.”
經濟學者Schmitt承認,
美國速食業需要一些時間還調適到更高的薪資水準.
身為"富國中的魯蛇工作"的共同主編,
他說我們已經創造出低價值的經濟體系,
這將要一些時間才能加速進入到高價值的路線.
In Denmark, fast-food workers are guaranteed benefits their American
counterparts could only dream of. Under the industry’s collective agreement,
there are five weeks’ paid vacation, paid maternity and paternity leave and
a pension plan. Workers must be paid overtime for working after 6 p.m. and on
Sundays.
Unlike most American fast-food workers, the Danes often get their work
schedules four weeks in advance, and employees cannot be sent home early
without pay just because business slows.
在丹麥，速食從業者的福利保障對他們美國同行來說只是夢想.
根據產業的集體協議，有五週的給薪假期，
給薪產假,陪產假和養老金計劃.
下午六點以後以及星期日都要另外支付加班費.
不像多數的美國同行,
丹麥人經常在四周前就先確定工作時間,
然後雇主不能以業務不佳為理由要求員工放無薪假.
(也就是時間表確定了,薪水就得付)
Given the benefits available, Mr. Elofsson, the Burger King employee in
Copenhagen, said he hoped to make his career with the company and work his
way up to restaurant manager. While the Danish industry does not keep data on
worker retention, HMSHost Denmark, which runs the fast-food operations at
Copenhagen Airport, estimates that 70 percent of the workers at its Burger
King and Starbucks franchises stay for more than a year.
哥本哈根的漢堡王員工Elofsson,
基於現有的福利,考慮職業生涯繼續在這裡做到店經理.
丹麥的速食產業並沒有員工的工作年資數據,
不過丹麥HMSHost這間從事哥本哈根機場特許速食業務的公司估計,
約有70%的員工在其漢堡王以及星巴克連鎖店待超過一年.
By contrast, an internal study done several years ago by McDonald’s found
that workers’ average tenure at the company in the United States was nearly
eight months, although the National Restaurant Association said American
fast-food workers averaged 20 months on the job.
反觀,
麥當勞前幾年的內部研究發現.
他們員工平均待差不多8個月,
但是美國全國餐廳協會說,
美國速食業工作者工作平均約20個月.
Danish law does not require fast-food companies or their franchisees to
adhere to the wages required by the agreement with the 3F union. But they do,
because employees and unions pledge in exchange not to engage in strikes,
demonstrations or boycotts. “What employers get is peace,” said Peter Lykke
Nielsen, the 3F union’s chief negotiator with McDonald’s.
丹麥的法律不強制業主必須給付工會協議的薪資水準.
但是他們別無選擇,
不然就會面臨工會及員工的罷工,示威遊行以及抵制.
所以3F工會對麥當勞的首席談判代表Peter Lykke說,
"業主得到的就是和平共處".
McDonald’s learned this the hard way. When it came to Denmark in the 1980s,
it refused to join the employers association or adopt any collectively
bargained agreements. Only after nearly a year of raucous, union-led protests
did McDonald’s relent.
麥當勞在此學到痛苦的教訓.
當它在1980年代進入丹麥時,
原本拒絕加入雇主協會或採取任何集體議價協議.
不過經過將近一年的喧鬧紛擾之後,
麥當勞對工會領導的抗議活動鬆口了.
In interviews, Danish employees of McDonald’s, Burger King and Starbucks
said that even though Denmark had one of the world’s highest costs of living
— about 30 percent higher than in the United States — their $20 wage made
life affordable.
在訪談中,丹麥的速食從業員工認為,
即使丹麥的生活成本是世界最高之一(大概比美國高30%),
他們的20美元的時薪讓生活無虞.
True, a Big Mac here costs more — $5.60, compared with $4.80 in the United
States. But that is a price Danes are willing to pay. “We Danes accept that
a burger is expensive, but we also know that working conditions and wages are
decent when we eat that burger,” said Soren Kaj Andersen, a University of
Copenhagen professor who specializes in labor issues.
事實上, 跟美國大麥克賣4.8美元相比,丹麥這邊賣5.6美元.
但是丹麥人願意付這個價格.
在哥本哈根大學擔任教職,
專長在於勞工議題Soren Kaj Andersen說,
"我們丹麥人接受漢堡是昂貴的,
但當我們吃漢堡時,我們也知道這個工作條件跟薪資是得體的."
Measured in Big Macs, McDonald’s workers in Denmark earn the equivalent of
3.4 Big Macs an hour, while their American counterparts earn 1.8, according
to a study by Orley C. Ashenfelter, a Princeton economics professor, and
Stepan Jurajda, an economics professor at Charles University in Prague.
用大麥克指數來算, 丹麥麥當勞員工一小時賺3.4個大麥克,
美國則是1.8個大麥克.布拉格Charles大學教授如是說.
(台灣麥當勞時薪115~141,用120算起來大概是1.6個大麥克)
And the Danish restaurants are less profitable. With fast-food wages in the
United States so much lower than in Denmark, and the price of Big Macs in the
two countries similar, Mr. Ashenfelter said, “It must be that U.S. McDonald’
s are far more profitable.” The higher wages and the higher menu prices help
explain why there are 16 McDonald’s per million inhabitants in Denmark, but
45 McDonald’s per million in the United States, Mr. Jurajda said.
跟美國速食業的如此低水準的薪資,
加上大麥克的價格差異不大的情形比較下,
丹麥的餐廳明顯的獲利不足.
而美國麥當勞獲利一定高很多.
更高的薪資以及更高的點餐價格,
可以解釋為啥麼丹麥每百萬人口有16間麥當勞餐廳,
但是美國則有45間麥當勞餐廳.
McDonald’s declined requests for detailed financial data for its
restaurants. But it said in a statement that the countries where it operates
“have significantly different cost structures, economic environments and
competitive frameworks.” The company added that it and its franchise
operators “support paying valued employees fair wages aligned with a
competitive marketplace.”
麥當勞拒絕提供旗下餐廳的詳細財務資料.
但是它說合理薪資是根據成本結構,
因地制宜來面對激烈競爭市場而調整的.
America’s restaurant industry predicts a wave of woe if pay were to jump
toward Denmark’s levels. An increase to $15 would “limit employment
opportunities” by making fast-food restaurants reluctant to hire, said Scott
DeFife, an executive vice president at the National Restaurant Association. “
More than doubling the starting wage will dramatically increase costs in an
industry that exists on very narrow margins.”
美國餐飲業者則預測,
如果薪資要調整至丹麥的水準,
將導致哀鴻遍野.
美國全國餐廳協會執行副總DeFife說,
每小時15美元的水準,
超過目前一倍的起薪,
會對現有獲利空間狹小的餐飲業增加許多成本.
最後速食餐廳會不願意聘請員工,
結果是就業機會限縮.
Denmark’s high wages make it hard, though not impossible, to maintain
profitability at his restaurants, said Martin Drescher, the general manager
of HMSHost Denmark, the airport restaurants operator.
“We have to acknowledge it’s more expensive to operate,” said Mr.
Drescher. “But we can still make money out of it — and McDonald’s does,
too. Otherwise, it wouldn’t be in Denmark.”
但是HMSHost的總經理Martin Drescher說,
丹麥的高薪資讓他的餐廳維持獲利,
成為困難但不是不可能的事.
Drescher說, 我們必須承認這裡營運成本更高,
但即使如此我們還是有獲利,
我相信麥當勞也是,
不然它在丹麥維持不下去.
He noted proudly that a full-time Burger King employee made enough to live
on. “The company doesn’t get as much profit, but the profit is shared a
little differently,” he said.
“We don’t want there to be a big difference between the richest and
poorest, because poor people would just get really poor,” Mr. Drescher
added. “We don’t want people living on the streets. If that happens, we
consider that we as a society have failed.”
對於全職漢堡王員工收入足以過生活,
他驕傲的表示,
"公司得到的利潤雖然比較低,
但是獲利透過有點不一樣的方式分享出去."
Drescher說,
我們不希望看到最富有跟最窮困的人之間有巨大的鴻溝.
因為窮人真的會很可憐,
我們不願意人民在街頭流離失所,
如果有這種情形,
代表我們社會已經失敗了.
Liz Alderman reported from Copenhagen and Steven Greenhouse from New York.
Anna-Katarina Gravgaard contributed reporting from Copenhagen.