Nature在4月6在線發布了由中國湖南大學魯兵安等人研究的鋁離子充電電池的成果。
簡單說來就是擁有低成本、高放電壽命（鋁電池7500次 vs 鋰電池500次左右）和快速充電
性能（鋁電池1分鐘充滿 vs 鋰電池2~3小時）。
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature14340.html
An ultrafast rechargeable aluminium-ion battery
一種超快速可充電的鋁離子電池
The development of new rechargeable battery systems could fuel various energ
y applications, from personal electronics to grid storage1, 2. Rechargeable
aluminium-based batteries offer the possibilities of low cost and low flamma
bility, together with three-electron-redox properties leading to high capaci
ty3. However, research efforts over the past 30 years have encountered numer
ous problems, such as cathode material disintegration4, low cell discharge v
oltage (about 0.55 volts; ref. 5), capacitive behaviour without discharge vo
ltage plateaus (1.1–0.2 volts6 or 1.8–0.8 volts7) and insufficient cycle l
ife (less than 100 cycles) with rapid capacity decay (by 26–85 per cent ove
r 100 cycles)4, 5, 6, 7. Here we present a rechargeable aluminium battery wi
th high-rate capability that uses an aluminium metal anode and a three-dimen
sional graphitic-foam cathode. The battery operates through the electrochemi
cal deposition and dissolution of aluminium at the anode, and intercalation/
de-intercalation of chloroaluminate anions in the graphite, using a non-flam
mable ionic liquid electrolyte. The cell exhibits well-defined discharge vol
tage plateaus near 2 volts, a specific capacity of about 70 mA h g–1 and a
Coulombic efficiency of approximately 98 per cent. The cathode was found to
enable fast anion diffusion and intercalation, affording charging times of a
round one minute with a current density of ~4,000 mA g–1 (equivalent to ~3,
000 W kg–1), and to withstand more than 7,500 cycles without capacity decay
.
新的充電電池系統能夠在從個人電源到網格存儲等多方面得到應用。可充電的鋁例子電
池在更低的價格和更高的安全性的基礎上，還提供了更大的容量。研究人員在過去三十
年間（在鋁離子電池上）遇到過很多問題，比如負極材料腐蝕、低放電電壓（大約0.55
伏）、不能有效進行放電（1.1-0.2伏，或1.8-0.8伏）、低放電壽命（少于100次充放電
循環）、容量快速衰減（衰減26%-85%每100次充放電循環）。現在我們介紹一種高容量
的使用鋁金屬正極和三維石墨負極的鋁離子充電電池。這種電池用鋁作為正極材料，用
一種不易燃的離子液體做電解液，使用石墨作為負極材料。這種電池展現了優秀的將近
2伏的放電電壓、高容量和接近98%的庫倫效應。電池可以在一分鐘左右充滿，并且在容
量不衰減的情況下可以擁有7500次的循環壽命。