一篇最近發表的文章
Nico Voigtlander and Hans-Joachim Voth
"Nazi indoctrination and anti-Semitic beliefs in Germany."
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
112, no. 26 (2015): 7931-7936.
http://www.pnas.org/content/112/26/7931.abstract
翻譯一下摘要：
企圖改變輿論、態度和信仰的手段包括了廣告、教育甚至是「洗腦」。
這些手段的效果是極具爭議性的。在本文中，我們透過1996年到2006年間
具有代表性的德國人調查數據，呈現納粹的政治教化：以單一視角孕育的
種族仇恨，是非常有效的。1933至1945年間，反閃族（猶太、阿拉伯等）
主義的意識形態在學校、在課外（希特勒青年團），並通過廣播、印刷品
和電影灌輸給德國的年輕人。其結果是這些在納粹政權下成長的德國人比
之前或之後出生的族群，死忠反閃族（用極端的方式回答了一系列看待猶
太人態度的問題）的比例比整體人口高2-3倍。世代間的差異並不只是極
端分子的比例，整體而言，那些20年代和30年代出生的世代對於猶太人
的態度更為負面。納粹的政治教化在當有已經存在的偏見時最有效，那些
出生在1914年之前支持反猶主義政黨的地區的人們，反猶太人的態度有最
大程度的增加。這些結果表明，這些信仰可以通過政策干預來改變。我們
也指出一些因數，例如已經存在的偏見，會使這樣的手段更有效。
（作者N. V的a應該是[ä]，抱歉打不上來）
（google translate+修改，歡迎修改，初次嘗試請不要鞭太大力）
（附上原文）
Attempts at modifying public opinions, attitudes, and beliefs
range from advertising and schooling to “brainwashing.” Their
effectiveness is highly controversial. In this paper, we use
survey data on anti-Semitic beliefs and attitudes in a
representative sample of Germans surveyed in 1996 and 2006 to
show that Nazi indoctrination - with its singular focus on
fostering racial hatred - was highly effective. Between 1933
and 1945, young Germans were exposed to anti-Semitic ideology
in schools, in the (extracurricular) Hitler Youth, and through
radio, print, and film. As a result, Germans who grew up under
the Nazi regime are much more anti-Semitic than those born
before or after that period: the share of committed anti-
Semites, who answer a host of questions about attitudes toward
Jews in an extreme fashion, is 2–3 times higher than in the
population as a whole. Results also hold for average beliefs,
and not just the share of extremists; average views of Jews
are much more negative among those born in the 1920s and 1930s.
Nazi indoctrination was most effective where it could tap into
preexisting prejudices; those born in districts that supported
anti-Semitic parties before 1914 show the greatest increases
in anti-Jewish attitudes. These findings demonstrate the
extent to which beliefs can be modified through policy
intervention. We also identify parameters amplifying the
effectiveness of such measures, such as preexisting prejudices.
怎麼理解過去可能不是重點
想像未來多幾倍的腦殘有點噁心
黑箱裝死操弄跳針才是真的可怕