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The Netherlands narrowly passed new legislation on Tuesday that will register
every citizen aged 18 and over as a potential organ donor, unless they
explicitly choose to opt out.
荷蘭在周二時的修法驚險通過，之後18歲以上的所有國民都將成為潛在器捐者，除非他們特別明確的選擇取消。
Senators in the Dutch upper house of parliament voted 38 to 36 to pass the
draft bill put forward by the progressive D66 party.
荷蘭國會議員的票數以38:36票通過D66黨提出的該修法的預算。
Under the new law, every Dutch adult who has not yet registered as an organ
donor will receive two letters asking them to indicate whether or not they
want to become donors. If they don't respond after the second mail they will
automatically be added to the list, but are free to amend their status at any
time.
根據新法，
所有荷蘭成人尚未被登記為器捐者將會收到兩張信件，
詢問是否她們想要成為器捐者。若他們對第二封信沒有做回應，
他們會自動被登記在名單上，但是他們仍然能夠自由修改他們的狀況。
The bill was already approved by the Netherlands' upper House of
Representatives in September 2016, albeit by a narrow vote of 75 to 74.
Critics of the bill complained that it put too much authority in the hands of
the government over what happens to a citizen after their death.
該預算在2016年的九月時眾議院即以75票比74票通過。有些批評聲浪認為官方在國民死掉之後的事情管太多了。
The drafter of the legislation, D66 MP Pia Dijkstra, said she made a number
of changes in a bid to ease its passage through the lower house. As part of
the changes, authorities must consult with the deceased's relatives. The
family will also have the final say over whether the procedure goes ahead,
according to Dijkstra.
修法的起草者，D66黨的Pia Dijkstra說她在力拼通過下議院時就對草案做了很多改變。其中一些改變為，官方一定要對過世者的親屬諮商協調。家人有對該過程決定的最終權利。
Organ donor shortages have long been a problem in the Netherlands. According
to Dutch public broadcaster NOS, some 57 people died waiting for a new organ
during the first half of 2016.
在荷蘭，器捐者的短缺一直是個問題。根據荷蘭官方電視，2016年上半年就有57個人因為等不到器捐而死亡。
"Hopefully that number will decline under the new system," it said.
「希望新制度下這數字會減少。」
The Netherlands follows the likes of Spain, which has had its own opt-out
organ donor system since 1979, and France, which introduced similar
legislation in January 2017.
荷蘭學習的國家是西班牙，一個從1979年開始就有自訂器捐逃出系統；另外還有法國，在2017年年初做了類似的修法。
In Spain, which is widely viewed as a world leader in organ donations, there
were an average of 43.4 individual donors per million people in 2016,
markedly more than that year's EU average (19.6) and US average (26.6).
西班牙以器捐而言被認為是世界的領頭羊，平均一百萬人就有43.4個器捐者。遙遙領先歐盟的平均(19.6)還有美國平均(26.6)。
Germany, which has an opt-in registration system, continues to lag behind,
partly thanks to a 2012 organ donor scandal.
德國也擁有選擇加入的系統，但它們大幅落後，有些人認為是2012年的器捐醜聞。