不曉得當初馬拉威跟台灣斷交，
醫療團撤出對於他們愛滋問題影響多大
不過2008跟台灣斷交至今也近10年了
馬拉威現在的愛滋現況可以看一下新一點的資料
以下內容都摘譯自這裡：
https://tinyurl.com/y6wnlheq
重點：
1. 整體新感染人數顯著下降
2. 感染以結婚或同居關係的異性戀為主
一、整體感染控制狀況
New infections have dramatically declined from 98,000 new infections in 2005,
to 36,000 in 2016. Malawi has also witnessed a reduction in HIV infections
among children. There were 4,300 new paediatric infections in 2016, compared
with 16,000 in 2010.
新增感染人數從2006年的98000人，在2016年顯著下降至36000人。兒童感染數也從2010年的
16000人，下降至2016年的4300人。
Unprotected heterosexual sex between married or co-habiting partners accounts
for 67% of all new HIV infections, while unprotected casual heterosexual sex
accounts for 12%. Beyond this, several populations groups such as adolescent
girls and young women, sex workers and men who have sex with men are
particularly to HIV.
結婚或同居的異性戀性行為，佔了新感染數的67%，而非穩定關係的異性戀性行為佔了12%。
此外，青少女、年輕婦女、性工作者和男男性行為者，也是易受感染的族群。
二、個別感染群體狀況
A.女性
HIV disproportionately affects women in Malawi. A national assessment of the
impact of HIV on the population, carried out by the Malawian Ministry of Health
in 2015-2016, found HIV prevalence among adult women (aged 15-64) to be 12.8%,
compared with 8.2% among adult men. This disparity is especially prominent
among 25- to 29-year-olds, as HIV prevalence is three times higher among women
than men in this age group (14.1% vs 4.8%).
在馬拉威，女性受HIV侵襲的比例高於男性。馬拉威的成年婦女的帶原比率為12.8%，而男性
則為8.2%。在25-29歲這個年齡層，差異更加懸殊，女性14.1%而男性4.8%。
Sexual violence is also an issue with 22% of women and 15% of men experiencing
sexual violence before the age of 18. Most of the perpetrators of sexual
violence against women are spouses, boyfriends or romantic partners
22%的女性和15%的男性，在18歲以前受到性暴力。對女性的性暴力主要來自配偶、男友、感
情對象。
B.青年
Roughly a third of all new HIV infections (12,500 out of 36,000) in Malawi in
2016 occurred among young people (aged 15-24) Of these, 70% were among young
women.
2016年馬拉威大約三分之一（12500/36000）的新感染者，是15-24歲的年輕人，其中70%為
女性。
Of those young people living with HIV, less than half are aware of their status.
這些年輕的HIV帶原者，只有不到一半知道自己的感染狀況。
Early sexual activity is high in Malawi with around 15% of young women and 18%
of young men (aged 15-24) reporting having sex before the age of 15.
Furthermore, girls aged 15-19 are 10 times more likely to be married than their
male counterparts, with 45.9% of women having their first marriage before they
turn 18, nearly one in two.
15%的年輕女性和18%的年輕男性，在15歲之前就發生過性行為。15-19歲的女性早婚率高過
同齡男性10倍，45.9%的女性在滿18歲前就結婚。
Despite increasing knowledge about HIV, condom use remains low among sexually
active 15-to-19-year-olds, with only 25% of married females and 30% of sexually
active unmarried females from this age group using any form of modern
contraception.
對於HIV的知識提升，但15-19歲的性活躍族群的保險套使用率依然很低，這之中只有25%的
已婚女性，和30%的未婚性活躍女性，會使用現代的避孕措施。
C.性工作者
The evidence that is available suggests a major decrease in HIV prevalence
among female sex workers, from 77% in 2006 to 24.9% in 2016, although it
remains unacceptably high.
資料顯示，馬拉威女性性工作者的HIV帶原比率，從2006年的77%，降低到2016年的24.9%，
但這依然太高。
D.男男性行為
Nearly one in five men who have sex with men are living with HIV. At 17.3%,
prevalence remains two times higher than the rest of the adult male population.
在馬拉威，近五分之一（17.3%）進行男男性行為的人有HIV帶原，是其他成年男性的兩倍。
Worryingly, 80% of men who have sex with men questioned in a 2014 study
incorrectly reported that anal sex carries a lower risk of HIV transmission
than vaginal sex and only 23% reported receiving targeted HIV prevention
information.
令人擔心的是，根據2014年的調查，80%的男男性行為者認為肛門性交的感染風險低於陰道
性交，且只有23%的人有收到針對性的HIV防治資訊。
Homosexuality is illegal in Malawi, punishable by up to 14 years in prison,
although prosecutions were suspended in 2012. Nevertheless, men who have sex
with men still face varying levels of punishment.
馬拉威同性戀是違法的，將面對最高14年的徒刑，雖然執行在2012年暫緩，但男男性行為仍
會受到不同程度的懲罰。
Furthermore, many men who have sex with men face increased levels of stigma and
violence in Malawi. A 2016 survey of around 200 men who have sex with men found
that 39% had experienced a human rights abuse in some form, including 12% who
had been raped.
在馬拉威，男男性行為遭受愈見增強的的污名和暴力。2016年的調查顯示，39%的男男性行
為者遭遇某些形式的人權侵害，包括12%遭受到強暴。
All of these factors create a hostile environment that increases men who have
sex with men’s vulnerability to HIV while lessening their ability to access
HIV prevention and treatment services.
以上這些要素構成的不友善環境，增加了男男性行為者面對HIV時的脆弱性，同時也降低了
他們使用HIV預防和治療服務的能力。
E.兒童
An estimated 110,000 children (aged 0-14) were living with HIV in 2015 of whom
49% (53,400) were receiving antiretroviral treatment.
據估計在2015年有110000名0-14歲的HIV帶原者，其中49%接受抗反轉錄療法。
In 2013, the country had achieved a 67% reduction in children acquiring HIV,
the largest country decline across sub-Saharan Africa.
2013年馬拉威的兒童感染HIV減少了67%，是整個撒哈拉以南的國家中減少最多的。
There is estimated to be 670,000 orphans in Malawi as a result of AIDS.
根據估計，現在馬拉威的愛滋孤兒人數，約有670000人。
———
後面還有寫到很多關於馬拉威未來的防治策略和規劃
有興趣的人可以去參考
像是馬拉威這樣愛滋感染嚴重的國家
疾病散佈有其體制性和結構性的原因
大概不是特定單一個醫療團隊可以影響的
也不能簡單歸咎於特定族群的行為和觀念
另外，愛滋在這些地方也有階級和城鄉差異
貧窮地區往往更加受的愛滋的危害
而愛滋又回過頭來加劇了貧窮的循環
希望他們的防治措施能夠逐步改善這個狀態
天佑馬拉威