※ 引述《junseimika (masa)》之銘言：
: ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc), 來自: 163.32.216.65
: ※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Gossiping/M.1541377898.A.8DE.html
: → siemen: https://i.imgur.com/E76ChTb.jpg 223.104.64.17 11/05 08:32
: 推 x740552: 做一個善良的人，比什麼都重要 223.137.150.206 11/05 08:32
: 推 lovefisk: 城市建設是百年大計，大家再給dpp80年好 223.141.77.7 11/05 08:32
: → lovefisk: 不好 223.141.77.7 11/05 08:32
: 推 lsjh: 公共建設確實這幾年才陸續到位完成~~不容易 163.20.242.75 11/05 08:33
: 推 g8330330: 那應該指定高市長世襲 36.235.19.139 11/05 08:33
: → XXXXLAY: 什麼建設不重要選民只要選贏的就是爽， 39.9.164.109 11/05 08:33
: → XXXXLAY: 跟賭博一樣 39.9.164.109 11/05 08:33
: 推 car8121: 底特律轉型成功？ 42.74.160.0 11/05 08:34
http://bit.ly/2qsRMnC
提到底特律轉型成功可以看一下這篇報導
我節錄一下重點
1. 底特律的復甦沒有想像那麼樂觀
2. 開發商不斷在市中心翻新建設，與郊區差距越來越大
3. 人力資源部分仍亟待開發
4. 交通工具，創業家培養以及提供工作機會在底特律依然嚴峻，而且需要很長時間
5. 底特律的學生都離開底特律求學
6. 底特律沒錢做企業貸款，循環融資，就業擴大，企業家培訓
如果，能拿出來的政績都是building而不是people，那是很危險的
底特律經過65年，他還在掙扎
市中心不斷翻新設備與建築，不代表這座城市就在復甦
以下非全文翻譯
Two major conclusions emerged from our data. First, by a number of measures
Detroit continues to decline, and even when positive change has occurred,
growth has been much less robust than many narratives would suggest. Second,
within the city recovery has been highly uneven, resulting in increasing
inequality.
我們的數據得出了兩個主要結論。首先，從許多指標來看，底特律仍在繼續衰退，即使發
生了積極的變化，增長也遠沒有許多說法所說的那麼強勁。其次，城市內部復蘇極不平衡
，導致不平等加劇。
Invest in people, not just buildings
投資於人,而不是建築
===
Growing inequality and polarization are captured in the metropolitan
landscape. Detroit is two very different cities – one white and privileged,
the other black and deprived. Large-scale purchases, refurbishments and
upgrades in Downtown/Midtown by developer and Quicken Loans Inc. founder Dan
Gilbert contrast sharply with the decay that continues to dominate
post-apocalyptic neighborhood landscapes, inhabited by long-time Detroit
residents who are not sharing in the city’s growing but highly limited
prosperity.
日益加劇的不平等和兩極分化在大都市景觀中得到了體現。底特律是兩個截然不同的城市
——一個是白人特權階層，另一個是黑人貧困階層。開發商和Quicken Loans Inc.的創始
人丹‧吉爾伯特(Dan Gilbert)在市中心/中城進行了大規模的購買、翻新和升級，與持續
主導世界末日後街區景觀的衰敗形成了鮮明對比。
The complex problems of Detroit’s neighborhoods require comprehensive,
multifaceted revitalization strategies. Brookings Institution scholars Alan
Mallach and Bruce Katz have outlined holistic approaches to revitalizing
legacy cities. In addition to maintaining economic growth strategies in
Downtown/Midtown, current neighborhood policies need to be continued and
expanded. Policies to increase human capital throughout the city, including
improving public education and expanding employment and entrepreneur
training, must also be adopted.
底特律社區的復雜問題需要全面、多方面的復興策略。布魯金斯學會(Brookings
Institution)學者艾倫‧馬拉克(Alan Mallach)和布魯斯‧卡茨(Bruce Katz)概述了振興
傳統城市的整體方法。除了保持市中心/中城的經濟增長戰略，目前的社區政策需要繼續
和擴大。還必須采取在全市範圍內增加人力資本的政策，包括改善公共教育、擴大就業和
企業家培訓。
Perhaps the most important short-term strategy is increasing employment
levels among Detroit neighborhood residents. A healthy, sustainable local
economy would require the number of Detroiters with jobs to grow by as many
as 100,000. Even if these jobs paid just $10 an hour, they would add more
than $2 billion annually to the local economy, an amount equal to
approximately half of the total payroll for all private sector jobs in the
neighborhoods in 2014. This new purchasing power would generate additional
demand for retail and commercial services, and strengthen the effective
demand for affordable rental and owner-occupied housing.
也許最重要的短期策略是提高底特律社區居民的就業水平。一個健康、可持續的地方經濟
需要底特律就業人口增加10萬人。即使這些工作每小時的工資只有10美元，它們每年也會
為當地經濟增加20多億美元，相當於2014年該社區所有私營部門工作的工資總額的一半左
右。這種新的購買力將產生對零售和商業服務的額外需求，並加強對負擔得起的租金和業
主自住住房的有效需求。
Multiple initiatives and considerable time will be needed to foster job
growth on this scale. Detroit residents need better transportation to
existing job opportunities in the city and suburbs, and job training for a
variety of careers. Efforts to foster entrepreneurship must be matched with
increased access to capital so that new businesses can thrive.
要促進這種規模的就業增長，需要多種舉措和相當長的時間。底特律的居民需要更好的交
通工具，以獲得城市和郊區現有的工作機會，並為各種職業提供職業培訓。培養企業家精
神的努力必須與增加獲得資本的機會相匹配，以使新企業能夠蓬勃發展。
In the long run, a sustainable recovery will require significant public
education improvements. For decades, under both local and state control, the
Detroit public schools have been more successful at accumulating deficits
than at educating students.
從長遠來看，可持續的復蘇需要公共教育的顯著改善。幾十年來，在地方和州政府的控制
下，底特律的公立學校在積累赤字方面比在教育學生方面更成功。
Students have left the district by the tens of thousands to seek a better
education, either in charter schools—often no better than the schools they
left—or in suburban districts. Detroit just seated its first locally elected
school board in seven years, which could be the first step toward improved
educational opportunities for all Detroit children.
成千上萬的學生離開這個地區去尋求更好的教育，無論是在特許學校——通常不比他們離
開的學校好多少——還是在郊區。底特律剛剛坐上了7年來第一個由地方選舉產生的教育
委員會，這可能是改善底特律所有兒童教育機會的第一步。
Financing true recovery
財務復甦
===
投資於公立學校、改善公共交通、向社區提供服務、支持提供創業或循環貸款、創業支持
、創業孵化器和職業技能培訓的發展項目都需要大量的公共資源。底特律現在沒有這些資
源。
One option to address the revenue shortfall would be to reevaluate existing
tax abatements, tax increment financing and neighborhood enterprise zones,
which lower tax rates, often in higher-income areas. All of these programs
tend to divert revenue out of the general fund and into the private sector.
解決收入短缺的一種選擇是重新評估現有的減稅、增稅融資和社區企業區，這些地方通常
在高收入地區稅率較低。所有這些項目都傾向於將收入從普通基金轉移到私營部門。
Reducing or restricting such expenditures would help Detroit avoid forgoing
revenue that it could be spending on services and programs. Without a
significant commitment to improving education and job skills throughout
Detroit, the gap between the city’s core and its neighborhoods will continue
to widen.
減少或限制這類支出將有助於底特律避免放棄可能用於服務和項目的收入。如果沒有對改
善整個底特律的教育和就業技能作出重大承諾，這座城市的核心地區和周邊地區之間的差
距將繼續擴大。