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1.媒體來源:
外媒 scitechdaily
2.記者署名:
By DAVID L. CHANDLER
麻省理工學院 2021 年 6 月 25 日
3.完整新聞標題:
“Nuclear Batteries” Offer a New Approach to Carbon-Free Energy
4.完整新聞內文:
“Nuclear Batteries” Offer a New Approach to Carbon-Free Energy
TOPICS:Battery TechnologyClimate ChangeEnergyMITNuclear Energy
By DAVID L. CHANDLER, MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JUNE 25, 2021
MIT Nuclear Battery Concept
This cut-away rendering of the MIT nuclear battery concept shows important
components such as the instrumentation and control module, the reactor, and
the power module. Credit: Courtesy of the researchers
Jacopo Buongiorno and others say factory-built microreactors trucked to usage
sites could be a safe, efficient option for decarbonizing electricity systems.
We may be on the brink of a new paradigm for nuclear power, a group of
nuclear specialists suggested recently in The Bridge, the journal of the
National Academy of Engineering. Much as large, expensive, and centralized
computers gave way to the widely distributed PCs of today, a new generation
of relatively tiny and inexpensive factory-built reactors, designed for
autonomous plug-and-play operation similar to plugging in an oversized
battery, is on the horizon, they say.
These proposed systems could provide heat for industrial processes or
electricity for a military base or a neighborhood, run unattended for five to
10 years, and then be trucked back to the factory for refurbishment. The
authors — Jacopo Buongiorno, MIT’s TEPCO Professor of Nuclear Science and
Engineering; Robert Frida, a founder of GenH; Steven Aumeier of the Idaho
National Laboratory; and Kevin Chilton, retired commander of the U.S.
Strategic Command — have dubbed these small power plants “nuclear batteries.
” Because of their simplicity of operation, they could play a significant
role in decarbonizing the world’s electricity systems to avert catastrophic
climate change, the researchers say. MIT News asked Buongiorno to describe
his group’s proposal.
新一代相對小型和廉價的量產型的核反應堆即將出現，其設計類似於插入超大電池的自主
即插即用操作。這些系統可以為工業製程提供能量，或者為軍事基地或社區提供電力，
在無人全自動的情況下運行5到10年，然後用卡車運回工廠進行翻新。
Q: The idea of smaller, modular nuclear reactors has been discussed for
several years. What makes this proposal for nuclear batteries different?
A: The units we describe take that concept of factory fabrication and
modularity to an extreme. Earlier proposals have looked at reactors in the
range of 100 to 300 megawatts of electric output, which are a factor of 10
smaller than the traditional big beasts, the big nuclear reactors at the
gigawatt scale. These could be assembled from factory-built components, but
they still require some assembly at the site and a lot of site preparation
work. So, it’s an improvement over the traditional plants, but it’s not a
huge improvement.
This nuclear battery concept is really a different thing because of the
physical scale of these machines — about 10 megawatts. It’s so small that
the whole power plant is actually built in a factory and fits within a
standard container. The idea is to fit the whole power plant, which comprises
a microreactor and a turbine that converts the heat to electricity, into the
container.
This provides several benefits from an economic point of view. You are
completely decoupling your projects and your technology from the construction
site, which has been the source of every possible schedule delay and cost
overrun for nuclear projects over the past 20 years.
This way it becomes sort of energy on demand. If the customer wants either
heat or electricity, they can get it within a couple of months, or even
weeks, and then it’s plug and play. This machine arrives on the site, and
just a few days later, you start getting your energy. So, it’s a product, it
’s not a project. That’s how I like to characterize it.
早期的建議是研究100至300兆瓦電力輸出的反應堆，這是傳統的“大野獸”，即千兆瓦級
的大核反應堆的1/10。這些可以由工廠建造的部件組裝而成，但它們仍然需要在現場進行
一些組裝，並需要大量的現場準備工作。
這種“核電池”概念確實是一個不同的東西，因為這些機器的物理規模