https://tinyurl.com/3kv57y3w
https://i.imgur.com/nxs085I.png
根據美國農業部的說法
Discard foods that have been warmer than 40 °F for more than 2 hours.
Discard any foods that have been contaminated by raw meat juices.
「將超過 5度(40F) 並且超過2小時的食物丟棄。任何被生肉汁污染的食物也應該丟棄」
https://tinyurl.com/29fmnpmb
https://i.imgur.com/RsldtEk.png
美國農業部特別註明 The "Danger Zone" (40F-140 F) 「危險區」(4.4度-60度)
Bacteria grow most rapidly in the range of temperatures between 40 and 140F,
doubling in number in as little as 20 minutes. This range of temperatures is
often called the "Danger Zone." That's why the Meat and Poultry Hotline advises
consumers to never leave food out of refrigeration over 2 hours. If the
temperature is above 90F, food should not be left out more than 1 hour.
細菌在4.4度-60度 (40F-140 F) 的溫度範圍內最容易快速繁殖,數量可能在20分鐘內翻倍
這個溫度範圍常被稱為「危險區」。這也是為什麼肉類和家禽熱線建議消費者永遠不要讓
食物在冷藏外超過 2 小時。如果溫度超過 32.2度 (90F),食物不應該放置超過1小時。
這張圖是來自美國農業部贊助的研究 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17612076/
在不同溫度下,豬肉中的大腸桿菌、沙門氏菌和金黃色葡萄球菌的滯留期和生長率
https://i.imgur.com/JH4G8wT.png
舉例來說豬肉在
21.1度/70F,大腸桿菌會在139分鐘後快速生長,生長率是0.0133logCFU/分鐘
10.0度/50F,大腸桿菌會在2286分鐘後快速生長,生長率是0.0004logCFU/分鐘
滯留期和生長率分別差了接近16和33倍
如果政府重視食安,不是應該先全面轉型傳統市場的溫體肉販嗎
https://i.imgur.com/jTcnhFv.jpg
https://i.imgur.com/jOzKNNz.jpg