備註請放最後面 違者新聞文章刪除
1.媒體來源:
外媒 sciencealert
2.記者署名:
By CLARE WATSON
3.完整新聞標題:
Wild New Study Suggests Gravity Can Exist Without Mass
瘋狂的新研究表明重力可以在沒有質量的情況下存在
4.完整新聞內文:
Wild New Study Suggests Gravity Can Exist Without Mass
瘋狂的新研究表明重力可以在沒有質量的情況下存在
PHYSICS
13 June 2024
ByCLARE WATSON
What is gravity without mass? Both Newton's revolutionary laws describing its
universal effect and Einstein's proposal of a dimpled spacetime, we've
thought of gravity as exclusively within the domain of matter.
Now a wild new study suggesting that gravity can exist without mass,
conveniently eliminating the need for one of the most elusive substances in
our Universe: dark matter.
沒有質量的話重力是什麼？牛頓描述其普遍效應的革命性定律和愛因斯坦提出的凹坑時空
，我們都認為重力只存在於物質領域。
現在，一項瘋狂的新研究表明，重力可以在沒有質量的情況下存在，從而方便地消除了對
宇宙中最難以捉摸的物質之一：暗物質的需求。
Dark matter is a hypothetical, invisible mass thought to make up 85 percent
of the Universe's total bulk. Originally devised to account for galaxies
holding together under high speed rotation, it has yet to be directly
observed, leading physicists to propose all sorts of out-there ideas to avoid
invoking this elusive material as a way to plug the holes in current theories.
The latest offering in that vein comes from astrophysicist Richard Lieu at
the University of Alabama in Huntsville, who has suggested that rather than
dark matter binding galaxies and other bodies together, the Universe may
contain thin, shell-like layers of 'topological defects' that give rise to
gravity without any underlying mass.
暗物質是一種假設的、不可見的物質，被認為佔宇宙總體積的 85%。它最初是為了解釋高
速旋轉下聚集在一起的星係而設計的，但尚未被直接觀察到，這導致物理學家提出了各種
新穎的想法，以避免援引這種難以捉摸的材料來填補當前理論中的漏洞。
亨茨維爾阿拉巴馬大學的天文物理學家理查德·劉（Richard Lieu）提出了類似的最新觀
點，他提出，宇宙可能包含薄薄的、殼狀的「拓撲缺陷」層，而不是將星系和其他天體結
合在一起的暗物質。
Lieu started out trying to find another solution to the Einstein field
equations, which relate the curvature of space-time to the presence of matter
within it.
As Einstein described in his 1915 theory of general relativity, space-time
warps around bundles of matter and streams of radiation in the Universe,
depending on their energy and momentum. That energy is, of course, related to
mass in Einstein's famous equation: E=mc^2.
劉開始嘗試尋找愛因斯坦場方程式的另一種解，該方程式將時空曲率與時空內物質的存在
聯繫起來。
正如愛因斯坦在 1915 年的廣義相對論中所描述的那樣，時空圍繞著宇宙中的物質束和輻
射流扭曲，這取決於它們的能量和動量。當然，這種能量與愛因斯坦著名方程中的質量有
關：E=mc^2。
So an object's mass is linked to its energy, which bends space-time – and
this curvature of space-time is what Einstein described as gravity, a notch
more sophisticated than Newton's 17th-century approximation of gravity as a
force between two objects with mass. In other words, gravity seems
inextricably linked to mass.
Not so, posits Lieu.
In his workings, Lieu set about solving a simplified version of the Einstein
field equations that allows for a finite gravitation force in the absence of
any detectable mass. He says his efforts were "driven by my frustration with
the status quo, namely the notion of dark matter's existence despite the lack
of any direct evidence for a whole century."
因此，一個物體的質量與其能量相關，從而使時空彎曲—而這種時空彎曲就是愛因斯坦
所描述的引力，比牛頓在 17 世紀將引力視為兩個有質量物體之間的力的近似更為複雜。
換句話說，引力似乎與質量有著千絲萬縷的關係。
劉斷言，事實並非如此。
在他的工作中，劉開始求解愛因斯坦場方程式的簡化版本，該方程式允許在沒有任何可檢
測質量的情況下產生有限的引力。他說，他的努力「是因為我對現狀感到沮喪，即儘管整
整一個世紀都沒有任何直接證據，但暗物質存在的概念」。
Lieu's solution consists of shell-shaped topological defects that might occur
in very compact regions of space with a very high density of matter.
These sets of concentric shells contain a thin layer of positive mass tucked
inside an outer layer of negative mass. The two masses cancel each other out,
so the total mass of the two layers is exactly zero. But when a star lies on
this shell, it experiences a large gravitational force dragging it towards
the center of the shell.
劉氏的解決方案由殼形拓樸缺陷組成，這些缺陷可能出現在物質密度非常高的非常緊密的
空間區域。
這些同心殼群包含一層薄薄的正質量，隱藏在負質量的外層內。兩個質量相互抵消，因此
兩層的總質量恰好為零。但是當一顆恆星位於這個殼上時，它會受到巨大的引力，將其拖
向殼的中心。
"The contention of my paper is that at least the shells it posits are
massless," Lieu says. If those contentious suggestions bear any weight,
"there is then no need to perpetuate this seemingly endless search for dark
matter," Lieu adds.
The next question, then, is how to possibly confirm or refute the shells Lieu
has proposed through observations.
「我的論文的論點是，至少它所假定的殼是無質量的」劉說。如果這些有爭議的建議有
任何分量，「那麼就沒有必要繼續這種看似無休止的對暗物質的探索，」劉補充道。
那麼，下一個問題是如何透過觀察來證實或反駁劉提出的砲彈。
"The increasing frequency of sightings of ring and shell-like formation of
galaxies in the Universe lends evidence to the type of source being proposed
here," Lieu writes in his paper. Although he admits that his proposed
solution is "highly suggestive" and cannot alone discredit the dark matter
hypothesis.
"It could be an interesting mathematical exercise at best," Lieu concludes.
"But it is the first [mathematical] proof that gravity can exist without
mass."
The study has been published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society.
「宇宙中環狀和殼狀星系形成的目擊頻率不斷增加，這為本文提出的來源類型提供了證據
」劉在他的論文中寫道。儘管他承認他提出的解決方案“極具啟發性”，並不能單獨質
疑暗物質假說。
「這最多可能是一次有趣的數學練習，」Lieu總結道。 “但這是第一個[數學]證明重力
可以在沒有質量的情況下存在。”
這項研究已發表在《皇家天文學會月刊》。
5.完整新聞連結 (或短網址)不可用YAHOO、LINE、MSN等轉載媒體:
https://reurl.cc/Zev3Ol
6.備註:
靠北，珊瑚城堡建築師愛德華說的是真的，物理學基礎公式有嚴重盲點存在。
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k20G6AG16hM
(十年前的LBJ回不來了)
這樣連帶很多違反物理直覺的現象也能得到解釋，包括肉身虹化質量縮小轉為光能
時，現場因為重力結界與同時散佈的微型黑洞，可以避免發生核子反應爆炸。
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gCkB9daCVZ0
重力控場示意圖
https://imgur.com/NnNcWqe.jpg