備註請放最後面 違者新聞文章刪除
1.媒體來源:
外媒 phys.org
2.記者署名:
by Louise Gentle, The Conversation
3.完整新聞標題:
性愛倒錯！無與倫比的蟲蟲性生活獨家公開
The fascinating sex lives of insects
4.完整新聞內文:
The fascinating sex lives of insects
by Louise Gentle, The Conversation
Some insects have detachable penises, others produce sperm that is 20 times
the size of their own body. Others have evolved with special equipment to
help them tear rivals off potential mates. Insects can be creepy, promiscuous
or murderous—but they are rarely dull.
有些昆蟲有可拆卸的陰莖，有些昆蟲產生的精子是自身身體的 20 倍。另一些則進化出特
殊的裝備來幫助它們將競爭對手從潛在的配偶身上奪走(夫前犯/NTR)。昆蟲可能令人毛骨
悚然、雜亂無章或兇殘—但它們很少是沉悶的。
The stag beetle male—Europe's largest beetle has huge jaws known as antlers
designed for prising mating pairs apart. This behavior is seen in numerous
beetles, with horns of various shapes horns that have evolved to lever males
off females. The Japanese rhinocerous beetle has a horn resembling a fork.
Antlers are also used in battle to wrestle other males over access to females.
雄性鍬蟲是歐洲最大的甲蟲，它有巨大的下巴，被稱為鹿角，專門用於撬開交配對。這種
行為在許多甲蟲身上都能看到，它們有各種形狀的角，這些角已經進化到可以將雄性從雌
性身上撬開。日本犀牛甲蟲有一個類似叉子的角。鹿角也被用來在戰鬥中與其他雄性爭奪
接近雌性的權利。
In many of these species, smaller males don't stand a chance of winning a
fight, so instead have evolved sneaky mating tactics. They wait for males to
fight, then slink in and copulate with the female while the males are
distracted. Small male dung beetles slip past large males that guard
entrances to tunnels containing females, and dig secret passages to find the
underground females while the larger males' backs are turned.
在許多此類物種中，較小的雄性沒有機會贏得戰鬥，因此進化出了鬼鬼祟祟的交配策略。
它們等待雄性打鬥，然後趁雄性分心時潛入雌性並與之交配。小型雄性糞甲蟲會溜過駐守
內有雌性糞甲蟲的隧道入口的大型雄性糞甲蟲，並在較大的雄性糞甲蟲轉身時挖掘秘密通
道以找到地下雌性糞甲蟲。
Sperm competition
In addition to the physical contests between males, competition to fertilize
an egg also happens between sperm. In the animal kingdom, females are rarely
faithful to their mates, so there is probably sperm from a number of males
inside a female reproductive tract. Males have evolved several ways to
counter this, such as producing large sperm. Fruit fly sperm, is almost 6cm
long when uncoiled, around 20 times the size of the fly.
精子競賽
除了雄性之間的體力較量外，精子之間也發生著讓卵子受精的競爭。在動物王國中，雌性
很少對配偶忠誠，因此雌性生殖道內可能有許多雄性的精子。雄性進化出了多種方法來應
對這個問題，例如產生大精子。果蠅精子展開時幾乎有6公分長，大約是果蠅大小的20倍
。(頂到喉)
But, perhaps the most extraordinary method to win the sperm competition is
seen in the odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) who have evolved ornate
penises. These come complete with hooks and whips, to dislodge the sperm of
rival males and pack the male's own sperm into the far corners of the female
reproductive tract, away from other male penises.
但是，也許贏得精子競爭的最非凡的方法是在蜻蜓目（蜻蜓和豆娘）身上看到的，它們進
化出了華麗的陰莖。它們配有鉤子和鞭子，可以驅逐競爭對手的精子，並將雄性自己的精
子塞入雌性生殖道的遠角，遠離其他雄性陰莖。
And it's not just the males that have elaborate penises. The female cave
insects of Brazil compete for access to males. The insects have sex-reversed
genitalia, where the males have an opening and the females have a spiky
erectile organ. The female uses her "penis" to suck sperm out of the male,
and she can even decide which of two chambers in her body to store the sperm
in. It is thought that this behavior evolved as an adaptation to a limited
food supply as the females gain energy from feasting on the seminal fluid
acquired during copulation, which can last up to 70 hours.
擁有精緻陰莖的不僅是雄性。巴西的雌性洞穴昆蟲為了接近雄性而競爭。這些昆蟲的生殖
器是性別逆轉的，雄性有一個開口，雌性有一個尖刺的勃起器官。雌性用她的「陰莖」從
雄性體內吸出精子，她甚至可以決定將精子儲存在體內的兩個腔室中的哪一個。人們認為
，這種行為是為了適應有限的食物供應而進化的，因為雌性透過在交配過程中獲取精液來
獲取能量，交配過程可以持續長達 70 小時。(吞精馬拉松)
Butterflies only live for a few weeks, so if males are going to father any
offspring, they can't hang around. Except, some do. Many butterflies are
sexually mature as soon as they emerge from their chrysalis. So, in some
species the males emerge a few days before the females, then sit and wait,
copulating with the females as soon as possible.
蝴蝶的壽命只有幾週，所以如果雄性蝴蝶要生育後代，它們就不能閒逛。除了，有些人會
這樣做。許多蝴蝶一從蛹中出來就性成熟。因此，在某些物種中，雄性比雌性早幾天出現
，然後坐下來等待，盡快與雌性交配。
More disturbing behavior is seen in the bed bug. Males simply pierce a
female's abdomen then inject sperm through the wound into her abdominal
cavity. As insects have an open circulatory system without arteries and
veins, the sperm can easily migrate from the abdominal cavity to the ovaries
for fertilization.
更令人不安的行為是臭蟲。雄性只需刺穿雌性的腹部，然後將精子透過傷口注入腹腔。由
於昆蟲有開放的循環系統，沒有動脈和靜脈，精子可以輕易地從腹腔遷移到卵巢進行受精
。(穿刺腹擊交)
Sexual cannibalism
Probably the most famous of the insect sexual behavior is that of the praying
mantis, where the female bites the head off her partner during or after sex,
gaining nutrients for herself and her offspring. This behavior increases the
number of eggs that males fertilize. Recently, scientists found that males
also attack females. They don't eat the females although they sometimes
seriously injure them. Males that won fights with females were more likely to
go on to mate rather than just get eaten.
性同類相食
昆蟲中最著名的性行為可能是螳螂的性行為，雌性在性行為期間或之後咬掉伴侶的頭，為
自己和後代獲取營養。這種行為增加了雄性受精卵的數量。最近，科學家發現雄性也會攻
擊雌性。儘管有時會嚴重傷害雌性，但它們並不吃掉雌性。與雌性打架獲勝的雄性更有可
能繼續交配，而不僅僅是被吃掉。
Chastity belts
Many male insects only get to mate once, even when they aren't eaten by their
partners. For example, male bees ejaculate with such explosive force that it
is loud enough for humans to hear. This ensures the sperm is passed to the
female, but it results in paralysis of the male, which kills him. So, males
need to make the most of their exploits.
貞操帶
許多雄性昆蟲只能交配一次，即使它們沒有被伴侶吃掉。例如，雄蜂射精時的爆炸力足以
讓人類聽到。這確保了精子被傳遞給雌性，但它會導致雄性癱瘓，從而殺死他。因此，男
性需要充分利用自己的功績。
One way of preventing other males from mating with a female is to produce a
copulatory plug—something that will prevent a different male from inserting
his sperm inside a female to fertilize her eggs. The European dwarf spider
produces a plug by secreting a liquid during copulation that hardens over
time. Researchers have found that longer copulations result in larger plugs
which are more difficult for other males to remove.
阻止其他雄性與雌性交配的一種方法是產生交配塞，這將阻止其他雄性將其精子插入雌性
體內以使卵子受精。歐洲矮蜘蛛在交配過程中分泌一種液體，隨著時間的推移，這種液體
會變硬，產生一個插頭。研究人員發現，較長的交配時間會導致較大的插頭，而其他雄性
則更難移除。
In order to ensure that nobody else mates with his female once he is dead,
the male orb-web spider has evolved an extreme copulatory plug. He has a
detachable penis that remains inside the female once copulation is over.
Although it is common for the tip of a spider's penis to break off inside a
female, preventing other males from entering, the orb-web spider's detachable
penis has an additional function as it continues to transfer sperm on its own
—for over 20 minutes—increasing mating success.
So you see, insects are, in fact, amazing.
為了確保雌性死後沒有其他人與其交配，雄性圓網蜘蛛進化出了一種極端的交配插頭。他
有一個可拆卸的陰莖，交配結束後仍留在雌性體內。雖然蜘蛛的陰莖尖端在雌性體內折斷
是很常見的，從而阻止其他雄性進入，但球網蜘蛛的可拆卸陰莖還有一個額外的功能，因
為它可以繼續自行轉移精子—持續 20 多分鐘—增加交配成功率。
所以你看，昆蟲其實是令人驚奇的。
5.完整新聞連結 (或短網址)不可用YAHOO、LINE、MSN等轉載媒體:
https://phys.org/news/2024-06-fascinating-sex-insects.html
6.備註:
也難怪蟬這個選擇偶爾會出現投胎潮了
https://imgur.com/51vOq1g.jpg
https://imgur.com/riILRv8.jpg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lxMeinG6uLU
甲蟲知識客座講師：【桃鈴ねね】
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gX2PXAc8qBc