https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1945538.pdf
https://i.imgur.com/aooI5xO.png
美國學者George B. Galloway 1927的論文
"The Investigative Function of Congress" 「國會的調查權」
前言 https://i.imgur.com/SF8yd8u.png
1923至1924年的冬季和春季，一場國會調查的暴風雪席捲了美國首都。政黨線路被阻塞，
政治家們被埋沒，而華盛頓的官僚體系則被一連串對政府部門行為的質詢所冷凍。政府行
政體系幾乎無一幸免於審查。調查的主題範圍從茶壺圓頂和麋鹿山的海軍石油儲備租賃，
到在聲譽可疑的福布斯主任之下的退伍軍人局的管理。國會透過其委員會對國家政府行政
部門的官員行為，發起了超過四十項的審查。
他給的結論 https://i.imgur.com/PEczyJS.png
In conclusion, it seems safe to say that the investigating committee has
acquired a permanent, important, and salutary place in governmental practice.
On the whole, its use has clearly justified its existence. Members of
Congress do not fully appreciate the important part it has played in the
course of our history.
總的來說，調查委員會在政府運作中已獲得了一個永久性、重要且有益的地位。整體而言
，它的使用已充分證明了其存在的正當性。國會成員並未完全意識到它在我們歷史進程中
所扮演的重要角色。
Busied with the tasks of the present, most of them enjoying short tenures
only, they fail to realize that Congress has kept pace with the expanding
powers of the President, thanks, in large part, to these legislative
inquests. They do not suspect that the cumulative effect of almost three
hundred inquiries has been a change in our constitutional arrangements not
envisaged by the Fathers. The investigating committee has become more than a
particular form of parliamentary procedure. Together with the standing
committee system, it is "the buckle that binds, the hyphen that joins" the
legislature to the executive. It has taken the place of the cabinet in the
English constitutional system, has provided an effective means of control,
has informed public opinion, and has considerably augmented the power of
Congress. In it may be discerned the inevitable extra-constitutional growth
which, like the bi-party system, has spread its influence throughout the
federal government.
忙於當下的工作，大多數國會成員任期短暫，他們未能察覺到國會是如何在這些立法調查
的大力協助下，與總統職權的擴張保持同步的。他們也沒有意識到，近三百次的調查累計
起來對我們的憲政安排產生了一種創始人未曾預見的變化。調查委員會已成為超越特定議
會程序形式的存在。與常設委員會系統一起，它成了「綁定立法與行政機構的扣環，連接
兩者的連字號」。它在英國憲政系統中取代了內閣的角色，提供了有效的控制手段，普及
了公眾意見，並顯著增強了國會的權力。在其中可以看到不可避免的憲政體制外成長，這
種成長就像雙黨制一樣，其影響已遍及整個聯邦政府。
備註
原來100年前就有了....
看得懂英文真的很重要XD