這已經討論很多次了
目前看到的現象確實是頂尖人才男性遠大於女性
可惜你沒提到智能障礙也是男性遠大於女性
以台灣為例 男/女 智能障礙比為 1.33 到 1.37之間 (p<0.01） (1)
其他國家也是智能障礙男遠大於女
如果看滿級分的例子是男遠大於女
但是很少人去報導身心障礙類學生人數也是男遠大於女
根據行政院主計總處身心障礙類學生統計
110 學年度男、女性各為 7.7 萬人（占 68.7％）及
3.5 萬人（占 31.3％），
https://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/Data/282916088VPAVQ8D.pdf
這比例又更大
目前已經有許多研究探討為什麼男性智能障礙人數遠大於女
其中有一個叫做 female protective effect
文獻中也有提出其他可能的因素造成智能障礙比例男多女少的現象
我就直接引用
. In term of biological factors, X-linked conditions such as
Fragile X syndrome are less often expressed in females than in males.
In addition, the central nervous system of male infant (and fetus) is more
vulnerable
to environmental influences such as maternal smoking. Furthermore,
females may have a higher threshold for reaching affectation status than
males.
1 X染色體因素 X-linked conditions
2.男嬰和男性胚胎較脆弱 male infant (and fetus) is more vulnerable
3.女性比需要較多基因病變才會顯現出來 females may have a higher threshold
這是已經有實驗支持的假說(2)(3)(4)
有興趣可以看以下文獻
1.
Lai, D. C., Tseng, Y. C., Hou, Y. M., & Guo, H. R. (2012). Gender and
geographic differences in the prevalence of intellectual disability in
children: Analysis of data from the national disability registry of Taiwan.
Research in developmental disabilities, 33(6), 2301-2307.
2.
Robinson, E. B., Lichtenstein, P., Anckarsäter, H., Happé, F., & Ronald, A.
(2013). Examining and interpreting the female protective effect against
autistic behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(13),
5258-5262.
3.
Zhang, Y., Li, N., Li, C., Zhang, Z., Teng, H., Wang, Y., ... & Sun, Z.
(2020). Genetic evidence of gender difference in autism spectrum disorder
supports the female-protective effect. Translational psychiatry, 10(1), 1-10.
4.
Taylor, M. J., Lichtenstein, P., Larsson, H., Anckarsäter, H., Greven, C.
U., & Ronald, A. (2016). Is there a female protective effect against
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? Evidence from two representative
twin samples. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent
Psychiatry, 55(6), 504-512.