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1.媒體來源:
外媒 sciencealert
2.記者署名:
Carly Cassella
3.完整新聞標題:
First Traces of Ancient Egyptian Hallucinogens Found in Old Jug
考古學者從古董壺中解析出古埃及致幻劑主要配方
4.完整新聞內文:
First Traces of Ancient Egyptian Hallucinogens Found in Old Jug
Humans
28 November 2024
By Carly Cassella
The 2,200-year-old vessel. (Tanasi et al., Nature, 2024)
A 2,200-year-old ceramic drinking vessel has confirmed what archaeologists
have long suspected: some ancient Egyptians were tripping on hallucinogens.
在舊壺中發現古埃及迷幻藥的第一批痕跡
人類
2024 年 11 月 28 日
經過卡莉·卡塞拉
https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/AncientJug.jpg
古董壺擁有 2,200 年歷史。 （塔納西等人，《自然》，2024）
一件有 2200 年歷史的陶瓷飲水器證實了考古學家長期以來的懷疑：一些古埃及人因服用
致幻劑嗨起來。
For the first time, scientists have discovered the organic residue of
psychedelic plants within an ancient Egyptian artifact, which once held a
fruity, fermented sedative, sweetened with honey, tinged with possible
licorice, and deliberately imbued with human fluids.
The alcoholic and hallucinogenic cocktail was probably swallowed in the name
of the god Bes, whose face is featured on the outside of the vessel.
科學家首次在一件古埃及文物中發現了迷幻植物的有機殘留物，該文物曾經含有一種水果
味的發酵鎮靜劑，用蜂蜜增甜，可能帶有甘草的味道，並故意注入人體液體。
這種含有酒精和致幻作用的雞尾酒可能是以貝斯神的名義吞下的，貝斯的臉印在容器的外
部。
"There's no research out there that has ever found what we found in this
study," says archaeologist Davide Tanasi from the University of South Florida.
Bes was an Egyptian deity of music, merriment, and childbirth, sometimes
known as the "giver of dreams/oracles". Scientists have unearthed more than
380 Bes vessels from the ancient Egyptian civilization, and yet it's a
mystery what these drinking containers once held, and why.
南佛羅裡達大學的考古學家戴維德·塔納西 (Davide Tanasi)表示：“目前還沒有任何研
究發現我們在這項研究中發現的東西。”
貝斯是埃及的音樂、歡樂和生育之神，有時被稱為「夢想/神諭的賜予者」。科學家已經
出土了380 多件來自古埃及文明的貝斯器皿，但這些飲酒容器曾經盛放什麼以及為什麼盛
放，仍然是個謎。
"For a very long time now, Egyptologists have been speculating what mugs with
the head of Bes could have been used for, and for what kind of beverage, like
sacred water, milk, wine, or beer," explains Branko van Oppen, curator of
Greek and Roman art at the Tampa Museum of Art.
"Experts did not know if these mugs were used in daily life, for religious
purposes, or in magic rituals."
「很長一段時間以來，埃及古物學家一直在猜測帶有貝斯頭像的杯子可以用來做什麼，以
及什麼樣的飲料，比如聖水、牛奶、葡萄酒或啤酒，」館長布蘭科·範·奧本解釋道
“專家們不知道這些杯子是否用於日常生活、宗教目的或魔法儀式。”
https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/Besjug-768x703.png
Bes Jug
The Bes vessel containing traces of hallucinogenic plants. (Tanasi et al.,
Nature, 2024)
The container found with traces of hallucinogenic plants may not be
representative of all Bes vessels, but it is certainly enlightening. It was
donated to the Tampa Museum of Art in 1984, and was recently studied by a
team of scientists from the US and Italy.
貝斯容器中含有致幻植物的痕跡。 （塔納西等人，《自然》，2024 年）
發現的帶有致幻植物痕跡的容器可能不能代表所有貝斯容器，但它確實具有啟發性。它
於 1984 年捐贈給坦帕藝術博物館，最近由來自美國和義大利的科學家團隊進行了研究。
The jug contains evidence of three plants with known hallucinogenic
properties.
壺中含有三種已知具有致幻特性的植物的證據。
The first is a blue water lily (Nymphaea nouchali) – a psychoactive plant
that Bes is often featured emerging from. This flower is also featured on
several other Bes vessels.
第一種是延藥睡蓮（Nymphaea nouchali） 一種具有精神活性的植物，貝斯經常出現
在其中。這種花也出現在其他貝斯容器上。
The second psychoactive plant is called Syrian rue (Peganum harmala). The
seeds of this plant, sometimes known as African rue, are a sedative that have
hallucinogenic properties when consumed in small amounts, inducing dream-like
visions very similar to what is described in ancient myths about Bes.
第二種具有精神活性的植物稱為敘利亞芸香（Peganumharmala）。這種植物的種子有時被
稱為非洲芸香，是一種鎮靜劑，少量食用時具有致幻作用，會引起夢幻般的幻覺，與古代
貝斯神話中所描述的非常相似。
In one such myth, for instance, Bes stops the wrath of a bloodthirsty goddess
by serving her a spiked beverage. The drink lulls her into a deep sleep.
例如，在這樣一個神話中，貝斯為一位嗜血的女神提供了一杯加了酒精的飲料，以平息她
的憤怒。酒讓她陷入沉睡。
The third plant was from the Cleome genus, which has also been found to
induce hallucinations.
第三種植物來自Cleome屬，它也被發現會引起幻覺。
The Bes vessel kept at the museum in Tampa was originally found in a region
of Egypt to the south of what is now Cairo, and it's tentatively dated to the
second century BCE.
During this time, an Egyptian city nearby hosted so-called 'Bes chambers', in
which mysterious rituals were carried out.
Several human proteins identified in the residue suggest "a deliberate
addition of human fluids to the drink prepared for ritual purposes, the team
writes.
保存在坦帕博物館的貝斯船隻最初是在現在開羅以南的埃及地區發現的，其年代初步確定
為公元前二世紀。
在此期間，附近的一座埃及城市舉辦了所謂的“貝斯廳”，在那裡進行神秘的儀式。
研究小組寫道，殘留物中鑑定出的幾種人類蛋白質表明“為了儀式目的而在飲料中故意添
加了人體液體” 。
"This includes fluids like breast milk, mucous fluids (oral or vaginal), and
blood."
「這包括母乳、黏液（口腔或陰道）和血液等液體。”
Perhaps these rituals involved drinking a sedative. The inclusion of human
fluids may have helped personalize the spiritual experience.
"Egyptologists believe that people visited the so-called Bes Chambers at
Saqqara when they wished to confirm a successful pregnancy because
pregnancies in the ancient world were fraught with dangers," explains Van
Oppen.
"So, this combination of ingredients may have been used in a dream-vision
inducing magic ritual within the context of this dangerous period of
childbirth."
也許這些儀式涉及喝鎮靜劑。人體體液的加入可能有助於個人化精神體驗。
範奧本解釋說：“埃及學家認為，當人們希望確認是否成功懷孕時，人們會前往薩卡拉所
謂的貝斯宮，因為古代世界的懷孕充滿了危險。”
“因此，這種成分的組合可能被用於在這個危險的分娩時期的背景下引發夢境的魔法儀式
。”
Researchers hope that more Bes vessels are analyzed in similar ways. Only
then will we understand how often hallucinogenic cocktails were consumed in
ancient Egypt and why.
"With this study, we've found scientific proof that the Egyptian myths have
some kind of truth and it helps us shed light on the poorly understood
rituals that were likely carried out in the Bes Chambers in Saqqara, near the
Great Pyramids at Giza," says Tanasi.
The study was published in Nature.
研究人員希望以類似的方式對更多的 Bes 容器進行分析。只有這樣我們才能了解古埃及
人飲用迷幻雞尾酒的頻率以及原因。
「透過這項研究，我們找到了科學證據，證明埃及神話具有某種真實性，這有助於我們了
解人們知之甚少的儀式，這些儀式可能在吉薩大金字塔附近的薩卡拉的貝斯房間進行，
」塔納西說。
這項研究發表在《自然》雜誌。
5.完整新聞連結 (或短網址)不可用YAHOO、LINE、MSN等轉載媒體:
https://reurl.cc/jQ8ZOZ
6.備註:
延藥睡蓮（學名：Nymphaea nouchali）又名藍睡蓮，為睡蓮科睡蓮屬下的一個種。
https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%BB%B6%E8%8D%AF%E7%9D%A1%E8%8E%B2
駱駝蓬（學名：Peganum harmala），又名野芸香，臭古朵。
駱駝蓬的藥用歷史超過2000年。古希臘人使用種子粉末除絛蟲並治療反覆發燒。古羅馬時
期的希臘醫生與藥理學家迪奧科里斯，在他的著作《藥物論》中描述：駱駝蓬混合蜂蜜、
葡萄酒、雞蛋黃、藏紅花和茴香汁，有助於治療視力損害。醫學家蓋倫也提到過。
千年來它一直應用於傳統醫藥（在古印度、伊朗書籍中被經常提及）在古印度駱駝蓬種子
被用於婦科疾病，據信來自植物的煙霧能促進分娩。在巴基斯坦貧窮的婦女用駱駝蓬種子
煙霧熏蒸，利用特殊的管子將煙霧引入陰道來治療婦科疾病，這種治療方式直到今天依然
存在。也用於刺激月經周期，在孕婦中是禁用的，可造成流產。種子煙霧也被用作熏蒸傷
口殺菌。
https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E9%AA%86%E9%A9%BC%E8%93%AC
醉蝶花屬
醉蝶花屬（學名：Cleome）也稱鳥足菜屬、白花菜屬，是醉蝶花科下的一個屬，為草本植
物。該屬共有150種，分布於熱帶和亞熱帶地區。
https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E9%86%89%E8%9D%B6%E8%8A%B1%E5%B1%AC