作答雅思Heading題可用「簡易法」也可用「常用法」
簡易法我分享過了
這次來分享常用法
時代老師教的「常用法」是去分析段落結構然後找主題句
常用法可以用在大多數的段落中做分析判斷
我舉幾個題目來告訴大家老師教的方法
怎麼抓出主題句
還有怎麼進一步選出正確的Heading
例子一
1. The probable effects of the new international trade agreement
2. The environmental impact of modern farming
3. Farming and soil erosion
4. The effects of government policy in rich countries
5. Governments and management of the environment
6. The effects of government policy in poor countries
7. Farming and food output
8. The effects of government policy on food output
9. The new prospects for world trade
All these activities may have damaging environmental impacts. For example,
land clearing for agriculture is the largest single cause of deforestation;
chemical fertilisers and pesticides may contaminate water supplies; more
intensive farming and the abandonment of fallow periods tend to exacerbate
soil erosion; and the spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding
varieties of crops have been accompanied by the disappearance of old
varieties of food plants which might have provided some insurance against
pests or diseases in future. Soil erosion threatens the productivity of land
in both rich and poor countries. The United States, where the most careful
measurements have been done, discovered in 1982 that about one-fifth of its
farmland was losing topsoil at a rate likely to diminish the soil's
productivity. The country subsequently embarked upon a program to convert 11
per cent of its cropped land to meadow or forest. Topsoil in India and China
is vanishing much faster than in America.
<分析>
主題句一般是會出現在句首的位置
要是第一句結束後第二句有關係詞
那麼主題句在第二句
滿常見的是第二句最前面出現for example, for instance這種關係詞
這題第一句的主題抓出來是environmental impacts
方向也抓出damaging表負向
第二句開頭有for example舉例的關係詞
而且第二句的各個分句(分號隔開的)也可以看出是負向的
全都用來支持第一句
所以答案選2. The environmental impact of modern farming
例子二
1. Responsibilities of responding police officers
2. Perceived advantages of rapid response
3. Police response to public satisfaction
4. Communicating response time to people requesting help
5. When rapid response is and is not necessary
6. Role of technology in improving police response
7. Response time and success of response
8. Public demand for catching criminals
9. Obstacles to quickly contacting the police
While these may be the desired consequences of rapid police response, actual
research has not shown it to be quite so beneficial. For example, it has been
demonstrated that rapid response leads to a greater likelihood of arrest only
if responses are in the order of 1-2 minutes after a call is received by the
police. When response times increase to 3-4 minutes - still quite a rapid
response - the likelihood of an arrest is substantially reduced. Similarly,
in identifying witnesses to emergencies or crimes, police are far more likely
to be successful if they arrive at the scene no more than four minutes, on
average, after receiving a call for help. Yet both police officers and the
public define ‘rapid response’ as responding up to 10-12 minutes after
calling the police for help.
<分析>
第一句出現while轉折關係詞
說明了方向是前正向後負向
轉折詞之後才是重點
可以判斷出主題是rapid police response
方向是has not shown it … beneficial表負向
接下來的內容也在在用負向去支持：
greater likelihood … 1-2 minutes
increase to 3-4 minutes … is substantially reduced
Similarly …
be successful … no more than four minutes
Yet … define … up to 10-12 minutes
所以答案選7. Response time and success of response
例子三
1. The effect of changing demographics on organizations
2. Future changes in the European workforce
3. The unstructured interview and its validity
4. The person-skills match approach to selection
5. The implications of a poor person-environment fit
6. Some poor selection decisions
7. The validity of selection procedures
8. The person-environment fit
9. Past and future demographic changes in Europe
10. Adequate and inadequate explanations of organizational failure
An organization is only as good as the people it employs. Selecting the right
person for the job involves more than identifying the essential or desirable
range of skills, educational and professional qualifications necessary to
perform the job and then recruiting the candidate who is most likely to
possess these skills or at least is perceived to have the ability and
predisposition to acquire them. This is a purely person-skills match approach
to selection.
<分析>
第一句的主題抓出來是兩方organization和people的比較
方向是as good as表示組織和人一樣好壞
後面講出「選的人要具備skills, qualifications, ability等等」
接著This is a purely person-skills match …概括並總結前面的內容
可以知道這題的主題句放在最後一句
所以答案選4. The person-skills match approach to selection
如何快速判斷Heading我自己還在練習
題目出來我還是要思索一番才能作答
因為真的很考驗閱讀理解力
單字量也要夠才有辦法看懂文章
我目前有在實施提升英文閱讀能力的方法
如果後來有見效再來分享~