課程名稱︰總體經濟學一
課程性質︰必修
課程教師︰梁明義
開課學院：社會科學院
開課系所︰經濟學系
考試日期（年月日）︰104年元月12日
考試時限（分鐘）：160分鐘
試題 :
1.(10%) The simple Keynesian model 因暫不考慮「貨幣面」，比較能突顯出「實質部門」的一些運作力量(forces at work)。試以 simple Keynesian model 的理論架構說明下列兩套觀念：
(a)Balance Budget Multiplier(5%)
(b)Paradox of Thrift(5%)
2.(20%) Assume that the following equations summarize the structure of an economy：
(1)C=Ca+0.75(Y-T)
(2)Ca=100-30r
(3)Ip=200-10r
(4)T=200+0.2Y
(5)NX=150-0.1Y
(6)Y=C+Ip+G+NX
(7)M^s/P=0.8Y-16r
以上英文字母所代表之變數：C,Y,T,Ca,r,Ip,NX,G,M^s,P等與課堂上使用者相同。其中 M^s=2240,P=2,G=500。
(a)Compute the value of the multiplier. Derive the equation for the autonomous planned spending schedule,Ap.Derive the equation for the IS curve,and calculate the slopes of the IS and LM curves.(5%)
(b)請畫出IS─LM圖形，特別要標明IS與LM曲線跟Y軸與r軸交點之(Y，r)值各是多少。並求均衡下7個內生變數值。試問如果政府的目標Y值是1480，則該如何變動G以便達成目標？(10%)
(c)說明 strong and weak effects of monetary policy。(5%)
3.(20%)IS─LM是個簡化而呆板的模型。為了能具體瞭解、分析2008年金融風暴，課本 Chapter 5 supplements the IS─LM by adding the effects of financial markets, innovations ,leverage risk, etc.
(a)Explain what the term premium and risk premium are and why they cause the interest rates that affect the cost of borrowing by households and businesses to differ from the federal funds rates.(5%)
(b)Why do bubbles occur? Gordon 分析美國歷史上3個嚴重的 asset bubbles(1927-1929 與 1996-2000的股票市場及2000-2006的房貸市場)。試問他認為在這些 bubbles 中重要的 common ingredients (促成要素)有哪些？(7%)
(c)為了因應2008金融風暴，美國央行(Fed)採用了一種新政策叫 Quantitative Easing。Explain what quantitative easing is, how it affects the Fed's balance sheet, and how the use of quantitative easing is intended to affect the term and risk premiums.(8%)
4.(15%)
(a)試說明比較 Structural 與 Cyclical Budget Deficits 的觀念，務必以圖形輔助您的說明。您覺得 Gordon 認為美國在1982-1987年期間的「財政赤字」 是 Structural 或 Cyclical Deficit？(5%)
(b)美國在 1998-2001 期間總算有「財政盈餘」。依 Gordon 看法，是那些因素使美國在長期大量「財政赤字」後能轉虧為盈？為何在2002年以後又開始有赤字？
(c)何謂「TARP」？從那些方面來看你可說這是美國因應2008金融風暴的一個成功對策？從那些方面來看你也可說這是個 policy failure？
5.(25%)
(a)Four international transcation are listed belowed. For each, determine whether it is a credit or a debit in the U.S. balance of payments, whether it is a current account or capital account transaction, and whether it increase or decrease the size of the U.S. balance of payments deficit.(5%)
(1) China buys air planes from the United States.
(2) Ford MotorCompany builds an automobile plant in Russia.
(3) A Japan insurance company buys U.S. government bonds.
(4) U.S. residents vacation in Africa.
(b)什麼是 net international investment position? The net international position of the United States was 19.2% of GDP in both 2001 and 2009. Explain how this was possible in lights of the rather large current account deficits between 2001 and 2009.(5%)
(c)何謂 PPP theory of exchange rate？依 Gordon 的說法，在實際世界 "Why PPP Breaks Down"？
(d)何謂 crowding out effect？課本分別 domestic crowding out (第4章) 與 international crowding out (第7章)。試說明這兩種不同 crowding out effects 的理論假設 (assumptions)、運作過程與最終結果的「異」「同」。(8%)
6.(10%)
(a)說明 AD curve 的觀念。為何 AD curve 會「向下傾斜」？有什麼樣的因素變動會 shift the AD curve？(5%)
(b)說明「向上傾斜」 SAS curve 的定義與觀念。其主要 assumption 如何？為何會「向上傾斜」？有什麼樣的因素變動會 shift 「向上傾斜」的 SAS curve？(5%)