原文標題：
Tesla's autopilot ‘easily tricked’ into driving with nobody in it
特斯拉的自動駕駛“容易被欺騙”導致其中沒有人駕駛
原文連結：
https://reurl.cc/MZQbMk
發布時間：
Fri, April 23, 2021, 9:35 PM
原文內容：
Tesla’s self-driving technology can be “easily tricked” to turn on when
nobody is sitting in the driving seat, an issue that could cause havoc if
used on roads, according to a consumers’ group.
Engineers from Consumer Reports found that in a half-mile closed test track,
the Tesla Model Y automatically steered along painted lane lines without any
warning or indication that there was not a driver in the seat.
“In our evaluation, the system not only failed to make sure the driver was
paying attention, but it also couldn’t tell if there was a driver there at
all,” says Jake Fisher, CR’s senior director of auto testing, who conducted
the experiment.
“Tesla is falling behind other automakers like GM and Ford that, on models
with advanced driver assist systems, use technology to make sure the driver
is looking at the road.”
Tesla, has disbanded its press office, did not respond to a request for
comment from The Independent before time of publication.
Tesla’s Autopilot partially automated system can keep a car centred in its
lane, keep a distance from cars in front of it, and can even change lanes on
its own with a driver’s consent. But Tesla has said the driver must be ready
to intervene at all times.
Consumer Reports said that during several trips on its closed tracks with an
empty driver’s seat, its Tesla Model Y automatically steered along painted
lane lines without acknowledging that nobody was at the controls.
In the Consumer Reports test, Fisher said he engaged Autopilot while the car
was in motion on the track, then set the speed dial to zero to stop it.
Fisher then affixed a small, weighted chain on the steering wheel to simulate
the weight of a driver’s hand. He then slid over into the front passenger
seat where he was able to accelerate and decelerate the vehicle.
“The car drove up and down the half-mile lane of our track, repeatedly,
never noting that no one was in the driver’s seat, never noting that there
was no one touching the steering wheel, never noting there was no weight on
the seat,” Fisher said. “It was a bit frightening when we realized how easy
it was to defeat the safeguards, which we proved were clearly insufficient.”
Consumer Reports noted the test was performed on its closed track and that “
under no circumstances should anyone try” to duplicate it.
"Let me be clear: Anyone who uses Autopilot on the road without someone in
the driver seat is putting themselves and others in imminent danger," Fisher
said.
Consumer Reports’ test came just days after a Tesla crashed in Texas killing
the two men in the car. Authorities say neither of the men were in the driver
’s seat at the time of the crash.
The Tesla that crashed outside of Houston over the weekend was a Model S, but
also had an Autopilot function.
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and the National
Transportation Safety Board (NHTSA) are in the early stages of an
investigation into the Texas crash. Local authorities said one man was found
in the passenger seat, while another was in the back. The car veered off the
road, crashed into a tree and burst into flames, authorities said.
Investigators should be able to determine whether the Tesla’s Autopilot
system was in use.
Tesla CEO Elon Musk said on Twitter Monday that data logs “recovered so far”
show Autopilot wasn’t turned on in the Texas crash, and “Full Self-Driving
” was not purchased for the vehicle. He did not respond to reporters’
questions posted on Twitter.
In the past, NHTSA, which has authority to regulate automakers and seek
recalls for defective vehicles, has taken a hands-off approach to regulating
partial and fully automated systems for fear of hindering development of
promising new features.
But since March, the agency has stepped up inquiries into Tesla, dispatching
teams to three crashes. It has investigated 28 Tesla crashes in the past few
years, but thus far has relied on voluntary safety compliance from auto and
tech companies.
Additional reporting by Associated Press
機翻如下：
據一個消費者組織稱，特斯拉的自動駕駛技術可以 "輕易地被欺騙"，在沒有人坐在駕駛
座上的情況下開啟，如果在道路上使用，這個問題可能會造成嚴重的破壞。
消費者報告》的工程師發現，在一個半英里的封閉測試軌道上，特斯拉Model Y自動沿著
畫好的車道線轉向，沒有任何警告或指示，座位上沒有司機。
"在我們的評估中，該系統不僅未能確保司機的注意力，而且也無法判斷是否有司機在那
裡，"進行該實驗的CR汽車測試高級主管Jake Fisher說。
"特斯拉正在落後于其他汽車製造商，如通用汽車和福特汽車，這些汽車製造商在擁有高
級駕駛輔助系統的車型上，使用技術來確保司機在看路。"
特斯拉已經解散了其新聞辦公室，在發稿前沒有回應《獨立報》的評論請求。
特斯拉的Autopilot部分自動駕駛系統可以使汽車在其車道上保持中心位置，與前面的汽
車保持距離，甚至可以在司機的同意下自行改變車道。但特斯拉表示，司機必須隨時準備
進行干預。
消費者報告》說，在封閉的軌道上，在駕駛座上沒有人的情況下，特斯拉Y型車自動沿著
畫好的車道線轉向，而不承認沒有人在控制。
在《消費者報告》的測試中，費舍爾說，當汽車在軌道上行駛時，他啟動了自動駕駛系統
，然後將速度撥盤調至零，使其停止。然後，費舍爾在方向盤上貼了一個小的重物鏈，以
模擬駕駛員的手的重量。然後他滑到前排乘客座位上，在那裡他能夠對車輛進行加速和減
速。
"汽車在我們賽道的半英里車道上開來開去，反反復複，從來沒有注意到駕駛座上沒有人
，從來沒有注意到沒有人觸摸方向盤，從來沒有注意到座位上沒有重量，"費希爾說。"當
我們意識到擊敗保障措施是多麼容易時，這有點令人害怕，我們證明這些保障措施顯然是
不夠的。"
消費者報告》指出，該測試是在其封閉的軌道上進行的，"在任何情況下，任何人都不應
該嘗試 "複製它。
"費舍爾說："讓我說清楚：任何人在沒有人坐在駕駛座上的情況下在道路上使用自動駕駛
儀，都是將自己和他人置於緊迫的危險之中。
消費者報告》的測試是在一輛特斯拉在德克薩斯州墜毀後幾天進行的，車上的兩名男子死
亡。當局說，車禍發生時，這兩名男子都不在駕駛座上。
上週末在休斯頓郊外墜毀的特斯拉是一輛S型車，但也有自動駕駛功能。
國家公路交通安全管理局和國家運輸安全委員會（NHTSA）正在對德克薩斯州的車禍進行
早期調查。當地政府表示，一名男子被發現坐在副駕駛座上，另一名男子則在後排。當局
說，這輛車偏離了道路，撞上了一棵樹，並燃起了大火。
調查人員應該能夠確定特斯拉的自動駕駛系統是否在使用。
特斯拉CEO埃隆-馬斯克(Elon Musk)週一在Twitter上說，"目前恢復的 "資料記錄顯示，
在德克薩斯州的車禍中，自動駕駛系統並沒有開啟，而且該車也沒有購買 "完全自動駕駛
"。他沒有回應記者在Twitter上發佈的問題。
過去，NHTSA有權監管汽車製造商並尋求召回有缺陷的車輛，但由於擔心阻礙有前途的新
功能的開發，NHTSA對監管部分和完全自動駕駛系統採取了不干涉的態度。
但自3月以來，該機構已經加強了對特斯拉的調查，並派出小組調查三起車禍。在過去幾
年中，該機構已經調查了28起特斯拉車禍，但迄今為止，該機構一直依賴汽車和科技公司
的自願安全合規。
美聯社的補充報導
心得/評論：
即使特斯拉的辯護者可以說這是駕駛自願進行的違規行為
但是世界各國的車用安全規則是非常保守的
特別面對新生事務的管理更會用非常嚴苛的標準進行檢視
面對這些嚴苛的檢視也是挑戰者的義務，沒有抱怨的權利
比較好一點的狀況是特斯拉透過線上更新來加強
但是可能會牽涉到車內監視器的監視爭議
最糟情況是召回，雖然這種情況發生的機率很低就是了