題目：
__________ all the government red taps, Innova Technology's new manu
facturing plant would be operating by now.
(A) If not for
(B) In spite of
(C) As for
(D) Because of
疑問：請問(A)if not for 是if it were not for的簡寫嗎？ 還是if it were not been
for的簡略 ？我查其它資料是前者,但書本解答是後者。