大家在研究SC的時候，總是有一種迷思：「having/being」少選，
但是事實上，OG/PP裡也不乏有正確選項帶有having/being的。
那麼，究竟該怎麼判斷呢？
在這裡，Dustin一如以往從句意上的邏輯出發，而不談技巧，
跟大家分享個人認為having/being何時應該出現的判斷準則。
（以下所舉出的皆為OG正確句子）
Referring to the current hostility toward smoking,
smokers frequently express anxiety that their
prospects for being hired and promoted are being stunted by their habit.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
注意「smokers frequently express anxiety that
their prospects for being hired and promoted…」為什麼要用being呢？
因為for是介係詞，介係詞之後必定要接Ving/N，
但若是接hiring and promoting不能表示「被動」的概念，
所以要接由被動式（原形beV＋Vpp）改成的動名詞（being+Vpp），
是為表被動的動名詞，being不可省，
否則「for hired and promoted」在文法上有錯，
「for hiring and promoting」又無法表達被動意思。
請看另外兩個正確句子：
In his research paper, Dr. Frosh, medical director of
the Payne Whitney Clinic, distinguishes between mood swings,
which may be violent without being grounded in mental disease,
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
and genuine manic-depressive psychosis.
Archaeologists in Ireland believe that a recently discovered
chalice, which dates from the eighth century, was probably
buried to keep it from being stolen by invaders.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
繼續回到這句分析：
Referring to the current hostility toward smoking,
smokers frequently express anxiety that their prospects
for being hired and promoted are being stunted by their habit.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
這裡的「promoted are being stunted…」
因為是同時要表達「被動」跟「進行」的概念，
所以要補出being，將原形beV Vpp變成進行式的being Vpp。
不能只寫成「are stunted」（只讀出被動的意思），
或者「are stunting」（只讀出進行式）。所以being是必要的，不算冗長。
同樣的用法，請參照此句：
The recent surge in the number of airplane flights
has clogged the nation's air-traffic control system,
leading to a 55-percent increase in delays at airports
and prompting fears among some officials that
safety is being compromised.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
至於，having出現的時機？
請連讀下面兩個正確句子：
1. Egyptians are credited with having pioneered embalming methods
as long ago as 2650 B.C.
2. Pablo Picasso, the late Spanish painter, credited African art
with having had a strong influence on his work.
大家第一個注意到的共通點是credited with跟having一起出現。
但我必須說，這並不是固定搭配。
我們應該注意的是句意上的共通點：都是在強調時間的持續性。
「Pablo Picasso, the late Spanish painter, credited African art
with having had a strong influence on his work.」
在強調「（在他credited的當下）已經持續影響一段時間了」
而「Egyptians are credited with having pioneered embalming methods
as long ago as 2650 B.C.」
在強調的也是「埃及人 持續 擁有pioneered embalming methods」。
當我們要特別強調「一段時間（持續）」的時候，可以使用have + Vpp的完成式來表達。