二二八事件當初發生時，在台應該有一部分外國人也身歷其境，但是他們筆下的二二八事
件好像很少拿出來被討論，第三者來看一般不是比較公道嗎？這群外國人當初對於二二八
和KMT是怎麼看的，有八卦嗎？
這邊分享一下當時外國人的觀察。想看外國人怎麼紀錄鎮壓實際慘況的，直接跳到後面
外國人筆下的二二八目擊實錄，最有名的應該是葛超智(Geroge Kerr)所寫的《被出賣的
台灣》(Formaosa Betrayed)，這本有中文版，看了之後應該對KMT會非常賭爛，因為作者
視角下的KMT真的渣到一個極點。希望有鄉民也能貼被出賣的台灣的內容給大家參考一下
。
今天簡單介紹的是另一個當初事發也在台灣的外國人Allan Shackleton對二二八的觀察。
他原本是紐西蘭高中教工程的老師，但後來成為聯合國善後救濟總署來協助戰後修復的人
員。
這邊有他的書Formosa Calling的完整版可以下載來看 (我也還沒看完整，只是先速速瀏
覽過幾個章節) https://goo.gl/mALu7B
以下讓小魯我擷取幾個Allan Shackleton書中的片段，內文附英文原文所以有點長，但比
起Geroge Kerr，Allan Shackleton的觀點比較客觀；當然兩個作者都是傳達「事實」，
只是Kerr的筆下有諸多憤怒，而Shackleton相較冷靜
小魯我英文也不是很好，盡量翻個非常大略，先說我翻的不會是100%精準，然後有些原文
我沒貼出來因為太長，直接用中文補充說明
＠關於二二八的遠因 (只列舉幾個書中提到的一些例子)：
1. 居住生活品質惡劣，政府沒有想要改善的跡象
The Formosans saw that there was practically no attempt at rehabilitating the
cities and towns. There apparently was no Government scheme for rehabilitating
bombed-out families, who had to live in hovels constructed as best they could
.
戰後殘破，國民政府無意整建，部分台灣人無家可歸只能住在破亂小屋
Rather did the Chinese maintain a tax on new houses that the Japanese, in wart
ime,
had imposed apparently to restrict further building. People, after they had ma
naged to obtain cement and material for building, at last, in the black market
found, in the first two years after the end of the war, when the house was co
mpleted and they thought that their difficulties were over, that they were pre
sented with a demand for tax for four hundred yen because they had built a new
house.
國民黨政府維持日本在戰爭時期新建房子要納稅的律法，台灣人在黑市要取得材料已經不
容易，但要蓋新房子還要被承受徵稅的負擔
Travelling down many of the streets in many of the towns was a distressing sig
ht. The broken bricks and rubble were becoming overgrown with weeds and the co
ncrete skeletons of the buildings overshadowed the draughty hovels that had re
placed the once-imposing and comfortable buildings.
街景非常殘破不堪，磚瓦長滿雜草，昔日雄偉建築的骨架對比如今不禁風的破亂小屋 (台
灣民眾的棲身之所)
In one relief centre I saw fourteen families living in hovels (about ten perso
ns per family) and the size of each hovel was about twelve feet square. Half o
f that had a built-up floor for sleeping, Japanese fashion, while the other wa
s a dirt floor. There was dirt, squalor, sores and misery. The children were l
istless and had many sores. On one boy's hand, for instance, there were more s
ore patches than there were healthy patches and flies continually settled on h
is sores. The misery beggars description.
作者觀察到在狹小的安置空間裡擠了一大堆人，居住和生活條件惡劣，小朋友看起來都沒
什麼精神、傷痕累累，一個男孩的手上，傷口比健康的部分還多，常常有蒼蠅駐足。整個
慘狀不忍描述。
2. 失業問題嚴重，而國民黨政府派任人員都只講究「裙帶關係」
Unemployment was further increased through the Chinese system of Nepotism wher
eby relatives, and in the case of Formosa, friends, were given positions in sp
ite of the fact that they had practically no qualifications for those position
s. This
took place wherever Government officials were employed. Particularly
in education was this very apparent. Sometimes the newspapers published news o
f the dismissal of Formosan principals of schools and named the new principal,
but did not give reasons for the change.
基本上一些官職，都是直接由國民黨政府空降人選，在教育系統尤其明顯。有時候報紙會
報導，台灣人的校長直接被撤職，然後有中央派任的人接任，但對這人事變動沒有解釋原
因。
3. 教育隔閡，國民黨政府一來強力貫徹北京話政策，但比起日治版本落後很多
Of course, all Japanese textbooks were scrapped and Mandarin textbooks were pu
t in their place. Nevertheless, for the Formosans there were no Mandarin books
which would deal with algebra, geometry or trade subjects.
日本的教科書全面下架，但北京話教科書卻沒有代數、幾何、商業等科目
A Chinese “Professor” who came from the mainland to a school commenced to ta
ke a class in mathematics by asking elementary questions about the number of l
egs that various numbers of chairs had altogether. After suffering this for so
me time, one bright boy in the class proffered the information that the last l
esson they had received was on the theory of quadratic equations. The “Profes
sor”, finding that this was algebra, had to admit that he did not know algebr
a and retired: and, at the time my informant told me, mathematics was still no
t being taught at the school.
一個中國來的老師去學校教數學時，教學生怎麼算幾張椅子共有幾隻椅腳，但學生反應說
他們上次學到的是拋物線二次方程式。後來這位中國老師離職因為自已承認學識不夠，就
作者所知，數學這科還是沒有人教 (找不到人來教)
All this indicates that the standard of education had slumped and the Formosan
s latterly became suspicious that it was an attempt to reduce them to an illit
erate race.
種種跡象讓台灣人後來懷疑說，是不是政府陰謀要讓他們弱化成文盲種族
4. 政府管制瑣碎，米價漲，肚子扁扁民不聊生
I have pointed out that the regulations were frequently trivial, but they all
had the effect of increasing the possibilities of obtaining money, either for
the Government or the officials personally, or both. The increasing restrictio
ns on trade were leading to bankruptcies and ruin, particularly of the small t
rader with very little financial backing - ruin which was the first stage to s
tarvation in view of the shortage and high price of rice. The small shopkeeper
and tradesman usually had no plot of land whereby they could augment their fo
od by growing vegetables.
政府所祭出的管制，都是讓自己能夠去多揩油汙錢。這些管制下，從事商販買賣的很難生
存，因為有金融支援，下場是破產倒閉。然後米價漲、供不應求，饑饉的開端。
＠關於二二八發生時作者的親身經歷：
We did not realise at the time that by this action we had saved the life of a
police inspector. He had taken refuge in the restaurant and the crowd were goi
ng to attack but were waiting till the Westerner had left the building. Our de
lay, therefore, had given the proprietor time to get the inspector out the bac
k way to make his escape.
林江邁遭查緝私菸事件後，民眾開始上街抗議，局勢動盪，包圍警察局、在警局前放火等
等，並開始追打執法人員。但這段顯示出的是，當時台灣人對於西方人士普遍抱持友善態
度，所以本來被包圍的一個執法人員，受到作者是西方人的庇蔭順利躲過被民眾圍剿。
Shortly after our arrival back at the hotel we heard the mob surging down the
street and, on looking out, we found there was a large fire about 100 yards do
wn the street in front of the police station. The police having fled, the reco
rds had been taken by the Formosans and burned in the middle of the street. Th
ings were looking serious so we decided to pack and be ready for any emergency
. There was no sign of the police or military and the only Chinese to be seen
were in the hotel. With the guests and staff, we stood at the entrance. A man
came running past shouting “Your hotel is going to be burned tomorrow as you
keep Chinese”.
這邊作者的筆下看得出來，台灣人對外省人的敵意是在高漲，威脅說要燒掉收留中國人的
旅館，也就是作者下榻之處，但當然後來沒燒，多半是因為作者是西方人的身分
然後接下來很大一個部分(很長，難解取原文精華片段，我也是瞄過而已)是作者講述說，
他受市長請託去跟中國軍隊做停火交涉等等，因為作者不懂中文，所以隨時都要人來翻譯
，一下英文翻中文、中文翻日文等等。
然後作者跑到軍事基地去交涉，五頂上都有狙擊手什麼的，後來發生一個插曲，總之談判
破裂。之後，中國軍隊開始派出機槍等等反擊，作者差點也死在下榻旅館，眼睛距離中國
兵手上的刺刀只有幾公分之隔，但作者最後沒死因為他拼命大喊英文，讓人家知道他是西
方人–這邊看得出來不管是台灣人或中國兵，沒人想去得罪西方人。
＠關於陳儀後來派兵鎮壓：
(中間作者還有發生一些事但我直接跳來這一段，這一段對比其他作者的內容是很短，作
者也只是簡單描述，但鎮壓的慘狀實在是很嚇人)
(發這篇人的重點也在這邊，因為國高中歷史教科書頂多只寫個什麼清鄉而已，到底中國
兵跨海來事怎麼鎮壓的，細節沒提過半個字)
Governor Chen Yi kept the rebels at bay with promises until reinforcements arr
ived from the mainland. Then they began a systematic murder of the populace, s
hooting on sight. Truck loads of troops armed with machine-guns and automatic
rifles quickly sped from the port of Keelung to Taipei.
陳儀從對岸烙來的軍隊開始進行系統性屠殺，見人就殺。部署著自動機關槍的車隊很快從
基隆開到了台北。
Not content with firing at people on the street, they fired indiscriminately i
nto shops and houses. In one village between Taipei and Keelung twenty youths
were castrated, their ears were cut off and their noses slit before they were
bayoneted. Their bodies joined lots of others for many days to come. It was no
t an uncommon sight to see bodies floating down the river.
不甘於在街上掃射，軍隊無差別性地對店家和民房開火。在一個位於基隆與台北間的小鎮
，二十個年輕人被割去睪丸，在被刺刀刺殺之前，耳朵和鼻子被切掉。看到屍體漂流在河
面上的景象並不罕見。
A boy riding a bicycle apparently did not get off quickly enough when ordered
by the police. They made him hold out his hands and slashed them with a bayone
t before running him through.
一個男孩騎著單車在路上，只是因為沒有遵照警察指示即刻停課下車，就命令他伸出手來
並砍斷之，最後(應該也是用刺刀)貫穿他身體。
In Taipei, also, it was the custom for troops, when searching houses, to shoot
the first one to open the door.
在台北，這是個部隊的習慣，也就是在搜查房子時，會去射殺第一個來應門的人
Early in the rebellion a party of middle-school students went to Manka station
to see about a train going home, and two tried to inquire from the station-ma
ster. The military police called them and would not let them come out of the s
tation. The other students, waiting outside and wondering what had happened to
them, decided also to go into the station. The four or five military police t
hen fired on them without warning and about twenty were killed.
在暴動開始之初，有一群學生去艋舺車站，其中兩個學生進去問站長回家的班次怎麼坐，
軍警叫出了這個學生，並不放他們出去跟其他同學會合。在外面等的其他同學察覺情況不
對，便入站內探詢。結果在沒被事先警告之下，四、五名軍警直接對他們開火，二十個人
被殺。
For days manhunts went on, and for months people kept disappearing. No-one kno
ws how many were killed.
「獵人行動」持續著，好幾個月以來人不斷地消失。沒人知道多少人被殺