備註請放最後面 違者新聞文章刪除

1.媒體來源:TIME
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2.記者署名:ALICE PARK
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※ 外電至少要有來源或編輯 如:法新社


3.完整新聞標題:
Scientists Find a New Coronavirus in Bats That Is Resistant
to Current Vaccines
> 科學家們在蝙蝠身上發現了一種新的冠狀病毒，這種冠狀病毒對
目前的疫苗有抵抗力


4.完整新聞內文:
It's the news that public health experts expect but dread:
virus-hunting researchers have discovered a new coronavirus
in bats that could spell trouble for the human population.
The virus can infect human cells and is already able to skirt
the immune protection from COVID-19 vaccines.
這是公共衛生專家預料到但又害怕的消息：偵搜病毒研究人員在蝙蝠
身上發現了一種新的冠狀病毒，可能會給人類帶來麻煩。
該病毒可以感染人體細胞，並且已經能夠繞過 COVID-19 疫苗的免疫保護。

註: 我不太清楚 virus-hunting 要怎麼翻，查了一下感覺工作是
偵測和搜尋新病毒(尤其是會造成 pandemic)

Reporting in the journal PLoS Pathogens, scientists led by
Michael Letko, assistant professor in the Paul Allen School of
Public Health at Washington State University, found a group of
coronaviruses similar to SARS-CoV-2 that were initially
discovered living in bats in Russia in 2020. At the time,
scientists did not think the virus, called Khosta-2,
posed a threat to people.

華盛頓州立大學保羅艾倫公共衛生學院助理教授 Michael Letko 領導的
科學家在 PLoS Pathogens 期刊上刊載，發現了一組類似於 SARS-CoV-2
的冠狀病毒，這些冠狀病毒最初是在 2020 生活在俄羅斯的蝙蝠中發現的。
當時，科學家們並不認為這種名為 Khosta-2 的病毒對人類構成威脅。

But when Letko's team did a more careful analysis, they found
that the virus could infect human cells in the lab,
the first warning sign that it could become a possible public
health threat. A related virus also found in the Russian bats,
Khosta-1, could not enter human cells readily, but Khosta-2 could.
Khosta-2 attaches to the same protein, ACE2, that SARS-CoV-2 uses
to penetrate human cells. "Receptors on human cells are the way
that viruses get into cells," says Letko. "If a virus can't get
in the door, then it can't get into the cell, and it's difficult
to establish any type of infection."

但當 Letko 的團隊進行更仔細的分析時，
他們發現該病毒可以在實驗室中感染人體細胞，這是它可能成為公共衛生
威脅的第一個警訊。在俄羅斯蝙蝠中也發現了一種相關病毒，
Khosta-1 不能輕易進入人體細胞，但 Khosta-2 可以。Khosta-2 附著在
SARS-CoV-2 用來穿透人體細胞的相同蛋白質 ACE2 上。
萊斯特說:"人體細胞上的受體是病毒進入細胞的方式，如果病毒進不了門
，就進不了細胞，就很難產生任何類型的感染。"

Khosta-2 doesn't appear to have that problem, since it seems to
infect human cells readily. Even more troubling, when Letko
combined serum from people who have been vaccinated against
COVID-19 with Khosta-2, the antibodies in the serum did not
neutralize the virus. The same thing happened when they combined
the Khosta-2 virus with serum from people who had recovered from
Omicron infections.
Khosta-2 似乎沒有這個問題，因為它似乎很容易感染人體細胞。
更糟糕的是，當 Letko 將接種過 COVID-19 疫苗的人的血清與
Khosta-2 結合時，血清中的抗體並沒有中和病毒。
當他們將 Khosta-2 病毒與從 Omicron 感染中康復的人的血清結合時，
也發生了同樣的事情。

"We don't want to scare anybody and say this is a completely
vaccine-resistant virus," Letko says. "But it is concerning
that there are viruses circulating in nature that have these
properties—they can bind to human receptors and are not so
neutralized by current vaccine responses."
萊特科說:「我們不想嚇唬任何人，並說這是一種完全抵抗疫苗的病毒，
但令人擔憂的是，自然界中流通具有這些特性的病毒——它們可以與
人類受體結合，並且不會被當前的疫苗反應中和。」

The good news is that Letko's studies show that, like the
Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, Khosta-2 does not seem to have
genes that would suggest it could cause serious disease in people.
But that could change if Khosta-2 starts circulating more widely
and mixing with genes from SARS-CoV-2. "One of the things we're
worried about is that when related coronaviruses get into the same
animal, and into the same cells, then they can recombine and out
comes a new virus," says Letko. "The worry is that SARS-CoV-2 could
spill back over to animals infected with something like Khosta-2
and recombine and then infect human cells. They could be resistant
to vaccine-immunity and also have some more virulent factors.
What the chances of that are, who knows. But it could in theory
happen during a recombination event."
好消息是，Letko 的研究表明，與 SARS-CoV-2 的 Omicron 變種一樣，
Khosta-2 似乎沒有表明它可能導致人類嚴重疾病的基因。但如果 Khosta-2
開始更廣泛地傳播並與 SARS-CoV-2 的基因混合，這種情況可能會改變。
萊斯特說:「我們擔心的一件事是，當相關的冠狀病毒進入同一個動物和
同一個細胞時，它們會重組並產生一種新病毒，令人擔憂的是，
SARS-CoV-2 可能會流到感染了 Khosta-2 之類的動物身上，然後重組
並感染人類細胞。它們可能對疫苗免疫具有抵抗力，並且還具有一些更具毒性
的因素。有多少機會，誰知道呢。但理論上它可能發生在重組事件中。"

It's a sobering reminder that pathogens are ready and waiting to
jump from any number of animal species into humans. And in many
cases, as with SARS-CoV-2, these microbes will be new to people
and therefore encounter little resistance in the form of immunity
against them. "These viruses are really widespread everywhere,
and are going to continue to be an issue for humans in general,"
says Letko.
這是一個發人深省的提醒，病原體已經準備好並等待從任何數量的
動物物種跳入人類。在許多情況下，與 SARS-CoV-2 一樣，這些微生物對
人類來說是新的，因此對於它們幾乎不會遇到任何免疫型式的抵抗力。
萊斯特說:「這些病毒確實無處不在，並且將繼續成為人類普遍面臨的
問題。」

The findings come as the World Health Organization's (WHO) ACT—
Accelerator's Council Tracking and Accelerating Progress—working
group report that continued response to the COVID-19 pandemic, in
37mthe form of testing, vaccinations, and treatments, is stalling.
With lower global immunity to the current SARS-CoV-2 virus,
combating any new pathogens, including new coronaviruses like
Khosta-2, would become more difficult. According to the latest
data collected by the WHO, a quarter of people around the world
still have not received a primary series of COVID-19 vaccination.

調查結果發布之際，世界衛生組織 (WHO) 的 ACT
（加速器委員會跟踪和加速進展）工作組報告稱，以檢測、疫苗接種和治療
的形式對 COVID-19 大流行的持續反應正在停滯不前。由於全球對當前
SARS-CoV-2 病毒的免疫力較低，對抗任何新病原體，包括 Khosta-2
等新型冠狀病毒，都將變得更加困難。根據世衛收集的最新數據，
全球仍有四分之一的人尚未接種 COVID-19 單價系列疫苗。

Ultimately, having deeper dossiers on the microbial world,
especially information on how well certain viruses can infect
human cells, for example, will be important to making the response
to public health threats more efficient and more powerful.
Letko is working on building a database that includes information
on which human receptors viruses use to infect cells, and whether
or not those viruses can evade existing vaccines. That way, he says,
when new microbes are discovered that are similar to those in the
database, researchers could have a head start on understanding how
to control them. "At some point in the future, as these outbreaks
continue, we won't have to scramble whenever a new virus spills over
into people," he says. "We could plug the virus into the database,
and understand that it probably uses these receptors to get into
human cells, and might be resistant to these types of vaccines or
treatments. It's a 10- to 20-year goal, but it's possible.
It's not just a pipe dream."
最終，對微生物世界擁有更深入的參考資料，尤其是有關某些病毒如何能夠
感染人體細胞的資訊，例如，應對公共衛生威脅的工作更有效和更強大，
將是非常重要的。萊特科正在努力建立一個資料庫，其中包括病毒使用哪些
人類受體來感染細胞的資訊，以及這些病毒是否能躲避現有的疫苗。
這樣一來，當發現與資料庫中的微生物相似的新微生物時，研究人員就可以
在了解如何控制它們方面取得先機。他說：「在未來的某個時候，隨著這些
疫情的持續爆發，每當有新的病毒蔓延到人們身上時，我們就不必慌亂了。
我們可以將病毒插入資料庫，並了解到它可能利用這些受體進入人體細胞，
可能對這些類型的疫苗或治療產生抵抗性。這是一個10到20年的目標，
但它是可能的。這不會只是一個白日夢。」


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6.備註:
雖然前面看起來很恐怖，不過誰知道什麼時候會重組成更厲害的病毒...
不過能夠感染人類細胞，而且對於康復者和接種者都有抵抗力還是值得關注