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1.媒體來源:
外媒 phys.org
2.記者署名:
by University of Reading
創立於1892年。大學現有四個校區，位於英國南部的伯克郡雷丁市周邊。1926年接受皇家
憲章。
3.完整新聞標題:
'New El Niño' discovered south of the equator
赤道以南發現「新聖嬰」現象
4.完整新聞內文:
'New El Niño' discovered south of the equator
by University of Reading
A small area of the southwestern Pacific Ocean, near New Zealand and
Australia, can trigger temperature changes that affect the entire Southern
Hemisphere, a new study has found.
赤道以南發現「新聖嬰」現象
雷丁 大學
一項新研究發現，西南太平洋靠近紐西蘭和澳洲的一小片區域可能引發影響整個南半球的
溫度變化。
The new climate pattern, which shares some characteristics with the El Niño
phenomenon, has been named the "Southern Hemisphere Circumpolar Wavenumber-4
Pattern."
Unlike El Niño, which starts in the tropics, this new pattern begins in the
mid-latitudes. The study, published this month in the Journal of Geophysical
Research: Oceans, highlights how important the interaction between the ocean
and atmosphere is for our climate.
這種新的氣候模式與厄爾尼諾現像有一些共同特徵，被命名為「南半球繞極波數4模式」
。
與始於熱帶的厄爾尼諾現像不同，這種新模式始於中緯度地區。這項研究發表在本月的《
地球物理研究期刊：海洋》上，強調了海洋和大氣之間的相互作用對我們的氣候有多重要
。
Balaji Senapati, lead author of the study at the University of Reading, said,
"This discovery is like finding a new switch in Earth's climate. It shows
that a relatively small area of the ocean can have wide-reaching effects on
global weather and climate patterns.
"Understanding this new weather system could greatly improve weather
forecasting and climate prediction, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. It
might help explain climate changes that were previously mysterious and could
improve our ability to predict extreme weather and climate events."
雷丁大學這項研究的主要作者巴拉吉·塞納帕蒂（Balaji Senapati）表示：「這項發現
就像發現了地球氣候的新轉變。它表明相對較小的海洋區域可以對全球天氣和氣候產生廣
泛影響。
“了解這個新的天氣系統可以極大地改善天氣預報和氣候預測，特別是在南半球。它可能
有助於解釋以前神秘的氣候變化，並可以提高我們預測極端天氣和氣候事件的能力。”
Hidden in plain sight
Researchers used sophisticated climate models to simulate 300 years of
climate conditions. This model combines atmospheric, oceanic, and sea-ice
components to create a comprehensive representation of Earth's climate
system. By analyzing this simulated data, the team identified a recurring
pattern of sea surface temperature variations circling the Southern
Hemisphere.
隱藏在眾目睽睽之下
研究人員使用複雜的氣候模型模擬了 300 年的氣候條件。該模型結合了大氣、海洋和海
冰成分，創建了地球氣候系統的綜合表示。透過分析這些模擬數據，研究小組確定了南半
球周圍海面溫度變化的重複模式。
The weather pattern works like a global chain reaction. This pattern creates
four alternating warm and cool areas in the oceans, forming a complete circle
in the Southern Hemisphere. It starts near the ocean of New Zealand and
Australia. When the ocean temperature changes in this small area, it triggers
a ripple effect in the atmosphere. This creates a wave-like pattern that
travels around the entire Southern Hemisphere, carried by strong westerly
winds.
As this atmospheric wave moves, it affects ocean temperatures, creating the
four warm and cool areas.
天氣模式就像全球連鎖反應一樣。這種模式在海洋中形成了四個交替的溫暖和涼爽區域，
在南半球形成了一個完整的圓圈。它始於紐西蘭和澳洲的海洋附近。當這個小區域的海洋
溫度改變時，就會在大氣中引發連鎖反應。這形成了一種波浪狀的圖案，在強勁的西風的
帶動下環繞整個南半球。
當大氣波移動時，它會影響海洋溫度，形成四個溫暖和涼爽的區域。
The ocean plays a big role in this process. When the atmospheric wave changes
wind patterns, it affects how heat moves between the ocean and air. This
changes the depth of the ocean's upper layer of warmer water, which can make
temperature changes stronger or weaker.
海洋在這個過程中扮演著重要角色。當大氣波改變風型時，它會影響熱量在海洋和空氣之
間的移動方式。這會改變海洋上層較暖水的深度，使溫度變化更強或更弱。
This new pattern happens independently of other known weather systems in the
tropics, such as the warming El Niño pattern of currents and trade winds, or
its opposite, cooling phase, La Niña. This suggests it has always been a
part of Earth's climate, but it has only just been noticed.
這種新模式的發生獨立於熱帶地區其他已知的天氣系統，例如變暖的厄爾尼諾現象和信風
，或其相反的冷卻階段拉尼娜現象。這表明它一直是地球氣候的一部分，但只是剛剛被注
意到。
More information: Balaji Senapati et al, Southern Hemisphere Circumpolar
Wavenumber‐4 Pattern Simulated in SINTEX‐F2 Coupled Model, Journal of
Geophysical Research: Oceans (2024). DOI: 10.1029/2023JC020801
Journal information: Journal of Geophysical Research
Provided by University of Reading
更多資訊： Balaji Senapati 等人，SINTEX-F2 耦合模型中模擬的南半球繞極波數 4 模
式，地球物理研究雜誌：海洋(2024)。DOI：10.1029/2023JC020801
期刊資訊： 地球物理研究雜誌
由雷丁大學 提供
5.完整新聞連結 (或短網址)不可用YAHOO、LINE、MSN等轉載媒體:
https://phys.org/news/2024-07-el-nio-south-equator.html
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