波蘭新歷史政策 避開納粹屠殺 改談…
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（美聯社）波蘭執政黨正試圖透過控制人們對過去的看法，來塑造這個國家的未來。
Poland's governing party is seeking to shape the country's future by
controlling perceptions of the past.
保守派法律正義黨的策略包括使用博物館、電影、公共電視及其他工具來宣揚波蘭歷史上
某些事件，像是二戰後對共產黨的抵抗。不過，更具爭議性的則是，企圖壓制關於一些令
人痛苦主題的討論與研究，主要是波蘭人在納粹占領時期加諸猶太人的暴行。
The conservative Law and Justice party's strategy includes the use of
museums, film, public television and other tools to promote certain episodes
in Poland’s history, like the anti-communist resistance after World War II.
More controversial, though, are attempts to suppress discussion and research
into painful topics, primarily Polish violence against Jews during the Nazi
occupation.
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納粹德國占領波蘭期間，數百名猶太人在耶德瓦布被波蘭鄰居屠殺。圖為當地天主教主教
與猶太社群領袖2011年時追悼情景。（美聯社）
法律正義黨將這些行動視為藉由對歷史的控制建立更強大民族國家的任務。總統杜達說，
國家的新「歷史政策攻勢」旨在創造出愛國的新世代，並「建立我國在國際空間中的位置
。」法律正義黨自去年起成為後共產主義時期權力最大的政黨。
Law and Justice, which since last year has wielded more power than any party
in post-communist times, sees the moves as harnessing history in a mission to
build a stronger nation state. President Andrzej Duda said the nation's new “
historical policy offensive” aims to create a new generation of patriots and
“to build up the country's position in the international space.”
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波蘭總統杜達（左）。美聯社
批評者則認為，歷史修正主義除了讓這個民族自我感覺良好外幾乎沒有作用，還有礙對該
國戰時歷史的誠實檢討，而這段歷史是個極其複雜的故事，其中既有苦難與最崇高的英勇
事跡，卻也不乏波蘭人謀殺和背叛手無寸鐵的猶太人事例。
Critics see historical revisionism that will produce little beyond national
self-righteousness and will prevent an honest reckoning with the country's
wartime history — an extremely complex story that includes suffering and
heroism of the highest order but also cases of murder and betrayal by Poles
of defenseless Jews.
華沙猶太歷史研究所所長史匹瓦克說：「他們想要限制我們對過去的看法。他們想要使用
國家機器來強推他們對政治歷史的新看法，這非常危險。」
“They want to narrow our view of the past,” said Pawel Spiewak, director of
the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw. “They want to use the state
apparatus to force their new view of political history, and this is very
dangerous.”
聯合報／陳韋廷 報導
聯合報／柯永輝、游艾玲、劉宜峰 製作
主圖／美聯社
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