標題:
Why much of the world now feels more threatened by the U.S. than by China or
Russia
(為什麼大部分國家感到美國威脅大於中俄)
新聞來源: 原文 https://goo.gl/kQrTdn
(括弧內為我的翻譯)
If 2017 was the year foreign observers of U.S. politics struggled to decide
where the country was headed, 2018 was the year they came to a conclusion:
not in the right direction. Far more people around the world now believe that
their countries are threatened by U.S. power and influence under President
Trump than they are by the other global heavyweights, Russia or China,
according to a new Pew Research Center survey released on Sunday.
(如果2017年是觀察美國政治的外國觀察者們搞不清楚這個國家往何處去的一年，2018年
則是他們得出結論的一年：不在正確的方向。據皮尤研究中心週日發布的一項新調查[1]
顯示，全球有更多人認為川普總統領導下的美國霸權對他們的國家造成威脅，而不是其他
重量級國家，像俄羅斯或中國。)
While 45 percent of respondents in 26 large countries interviewed between May
and August last year said that the United States posed “a major threat to
our country,” only 36 percent said the same about Russia and 35 percent
about China. Back in 2013 — under President Barack Obama — only 25 percent
of global respondents held that view about the United States, while 34
percent considered China to be a major threat to their countries at the time.
Data for Russia were not available that year.
(去年5月至8月期間接受采訪的26個大國中有45％的受訪者表示，美國對該國構成了“重
大威脅”，只有36％的受訪者認為是俄羅斯，35％認為是中國。早在2013年， 在美國總
統歐巴馬領導下，只有25％的全球受訪者認為美國是當時的主要威脅，而34％的受訪者認
為是中國。當年沒有俄羅斯的數據。)
During Trump’s first year in office, global approval of U.S. leadership
began to drop significantly, with 38 percent saying they viewed the United
States as a threat — compared to 33 percent saying the same about Russia and
34 percent about China. While China’s standing appears to have remained
largely unchanged since, the percentage of people who now consider the United
States a threat has almost doubled within just half a decade.
(在川普執政的第一年，美國領導層的全球支持度開始顯著下降，38％的人表示他們認為
美國是一種威脅。相比之下，33％的人認為俄羅斯造成威脅，34％的人認為中國造成威脅
。中國的地位基本保持不變，但現在認為美國構成威脅的比例在短短五年內幾乎翻了一番
。)
The sudden rise of the United States as a perceived major threat in other
countries likely comes down to a number of different factors. The most
prominent one is Trump. His trade wars and affronts against traditional
alliances have unsettled U.S. partners and allies in Europe and other parts
of the world, where “U.S. power and influence,” as the Pew survey phrased
it, has become tightly associated with Trump himself. While 49 percent of
Germans said they considered “U.S. power and influence” to be a top
security concern, only 30 percent said the same about Russia. (The ratio of
Germans fearing U.S. power is in fact now higher than the share of Russians
who are concerned about the United States.) In Britain, which prides itself
for having a special relationship with the United States, 37 percent still
said they feared Washington’s leadership posed a threat to their nation, too.
(美國作為其他國家的主要威脅突然上升，可能歸結為許多不同的因素。最明顯的是川普
。他的貿易戰和對傳統盟友的侮辱，使歐洲和世界其他地區的盟友十分不安。“美國霸權
和影響力”正如皮尤調查所表明的那樣，已經與川普本人緊密聯繫在一起。 49％的德國
人表示他們認為“美國霸權和影響力”成為最重要的安全問題，只有30％的人對俄羅斯表
示同樣的看法。 （德國人擔心美國霸權的比例實際上高於俄羅斯人關切美國的比例。）
英國以與美國有特殊關係而自豪，但37％的受訪者仍然表示他們害怕華盛頓對他們的國家
構成威脅。)
Support remained high in countries with large conservative electorates,
including Poland and Hungary, as well as Israel, where Trump was applauded
last year for moving the U.S. Embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem.
(在擁有大量保守選民的國家，包括波蘭、匈牙利以及以色列，川普支持率依然居高不下
。去年川普因將美國大使館從特拉維夫遷至耶路撒冷而受到稱讚。)
In Latin America, Trump’s hard-line immigration policies and his insistence
on building a wall on the U.S. border with Mexico have earned him few
friends, however. In all three surveyed Latin American countries — Brazil,
Argentina and Mexico — more than half the population said the United States
posed a major threat.
(在拉丁美洲，川普強硬的移民政策以及他堅持在美國與墨西哥邊境修建隔離牆的努力使
他幾乎沒有朋友。在所有三個受調查的拉丁美洲國家 ：巴西，阿根廷和墨西哥中， 超過
一半人口表示美國構成了一個重大威脅。)
Animosity toward the United States was also high in countries directly
impacted by Trump’s highest-stakes act of diplomacy so far. Despite Trump’s
summit with Kim Jong Un, a vast majority of people in South Korea and Japan
said U.S. power and influence were perilous. The Pew survey was conducted
while negotiations between the United States and North Korea were still
ongoing, so the data may not fully capture public opinion in those two
countries by the end of last year. But for a president who has said that “
everyone thinks” he should get a Nobel Peace Prize for his role in the North
Korea talks, the Pew data may be disappointing.
(受到川普的高風險外交行動直接影響的國家，迄今為止對美國的敵意也很高。儘管川普
與金正恩舉行了峰會，但韓國和日本的絕大多數人都認為美國的霸權和影響力是危險的。
皮尤調查是和美朝之間的談判同時進行的，因此截至去年年底，這些數據可能無法完全反
映這兩個國家的公眾輿論。但對於一位曾表示“每個人都認為”他應該以在朝鮮會談中的
角色獲得諾貝爾和平獎的總統來說，皮尤數據可能令人失望。)
The survey comes at a time when Trump also appears to be following through on
his promises to withdraw troops from Syria and Afghanistan, effectively
disengaging from international conflicts, despite warnings by allies that the
time may not be right. Trump’s rhetoric and unpredictable attacks on allies
and foes alike also appear to have made him a bigger target of public
animosity than the human rights violations committed by other major powers.
China’s brutal detention campaign of up to 1 million Uighurs and other
minorities appears to weigh less heavily in the survey, perhaps because China
’s human rights violations have so far been restricted to certain groups.
Only 22 percent of Swedes said they considered China to be a major threat.
(這項調查是在川普正履行其從敘利亞和阿富汗撤軍的承諾時進行的。儘管盟國警告時間
可能不合適，但美國此舉有效地脫離了國際衝突。川普對盟友和敵人不可預測的言詞攻擊
，似乎也使他本身成為更大的公敵，而不是其他大國犯下的侵犯人權行為。中國對多達
100萬維吾爾族和其他少數民族的殘酷拘留似乎在調查中影響較小，也許是因為中國的侵
犯人權行為迄今僅限於某些群體。只有22％的瑞典人表示他們認為中國是一個主要威脅。
)
Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014 and its attempts to meddle in Western
elections have infuriated (some) leaders of the affected countries, but
concerns over Moscow’s intentions are far less pronounced elsewhere.
(俄羅斯在2014年吞併克里米亞及其干涉西方選舉的企圖激怒了（一些）受影響國家的領
導人，但對莫斯科的擔憂在其他地方則不那麼明顯。)
Russia and China may be deeply unpopular in some places, but in international
rankings they’re still able to balance those sentiments out. In China’s
case, significant financial investments abroad may have helped, while Russia’
s military maneuvers have so far rarely extended beyond Europe and parts of
the Middle East.
(俄羅斯和中國在某些地方可能會非常不受歡迎，但在國際排名中，他們仍然可以平衡這
些情緒。在中國的例子中，海外的重大金融投資可能有所幫助，而俄羅斯的軍事演習迄今
為止很少超出歐洲和中東部分地區。)
In comparison, animosity and skepticism toward the United States are
relatively evenly distributed across the globe, likely reflecting both the
country’s large footprint in various regions and particularly strong
feelings on Trump.
(相比之下，對美國的仇恨和懷疑在全球範圍內相對均勻分佈，可能反映了該國在各地區
的龐大足跡以及對川普的強烈感受。)
Trump may be able to find some comfort in the fact that the United States is
actually not considered the world’s biggest threat by the citizens of the 26
polled nations. Instead, climate change came out on top last year, followed
by the Islamic State group.
(川普或許能夠找到一些安慰，因為美國實際上並不被26個被調查國家的公民視為世界上
最大的威脅。相反，氣候變化去年排在首位，其次是伊斯蘭國家集團。)
Trump’s perception of global threats doesn’t appear to be exactly aligned
with that view of the world, however. One of the president’s early moves was
to withdraw from the Paris climate accord that aimed to lower the emissions
most believe are behind climate change, followed by his more recent victory
claim over the Islamic State and withdrawal of the troops confronting it.
(然而，川普對全球威脅的看法似乎並不完全符合這種世界觀。總統的早期行動之一是退
出巴黎氣候協議，該協議旨在降低被普遍認定是造成氣候變化的排放量，接著是他最近對
伊斯蘭國口頭宣稱勝利，而撤出與其對抗的部隊。)
[1] https://goo.gl/qgzdWG (皮尤調查原文)
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