課程名稱︰經濟學一
課程性質︰選修
課程教師︰駱明慶
開課學院：社科院
開課系所︰經濟系
考試日期（年月日）︰2014/11/13
考試時限（分鐘）：180mins
試題 :
一、選擇題(45%): 不需說明, 寫出正確答案即可。
1. Which of the following observations was made famous by Adam Smith in his
book The Wealth of Nations?
(a) There is no such thing as a free lunch.
(b) People buy more when prices are low than when prices are high.
(c) No matter how much people earn, they tend to spend more than they earn.
(d) Households and firms interacting in markets are guided by an “invisible
hand” that leads them to desirable market outcomes.
2. Which of the following is an example of a normative, as opposed to positive,
statement?
(a) Universal health care would be good for U.S. citizens.
(b) An increase in the cigarette tax would cause a decrease in the number of
smokers.
(c) A decrease in the minimum wage would decrease unemployment.
(d) A law requiring the federal government to balance its budget would
increase economic growth.
3. In the early 19th century, the Russian government sent doctors to southern
Russian villages to provide assistance during a cholera epidemic. The villagers
noticed that wherever doctors appeared,people died. Therefore, many doctors
were chased away from villages, and some were even killed.
This reaction to the correlation between doctors and deaths is most likely a
problem of
(a) omitted variables.
(b) reverse causality.
(c) government propaganda.
(d) medical incompetence.
4. If Korea is capable of producing either shoes or soccer balls or some
combination of the two, then
(a) Korea should specialize in the product in which it has an absolute
advantage.
(b) it would be impossible for Korea to have an absolute advantage over
another country in both products.
(c) it would be difficult for Korea to benefit from trade with another
country if Korea is efficient in the production of both goods.
(d) Korea's opportunity cost of shoes is the inverse of its opportunity cost
of soccer balls.
5. Music compact discs are normal goods. What will happen to the equilibrium
price and quantity of music compact discs if musicians accept lower royalties,
compact disc players become cheaper, more firms start producing music compact
discs, and music lovers experience an increase in income?
(a) Price will fall, and the effect on quantity is ambiguous.
(b) Price will rise, and the effect on quantity is ambiguous.
(c) Quantity will fall, and the effect on price is ambiguous.
(d) Quantity will rise, and the effect on price is ambiguous.
6. A binding price floor will reduce a firm’s total revenue
(a) always.
(b) when demand is elastic.
(c) when demand is inelastic.
(d) never.
7. New oak tables are normal goods. What would happen to the equilibrium price
and quantity in the market for oak tables if the price of maple tables rises,
the price of oak wood rises, more buyers enter the market for oak tables, and
the price of the glue used in the production of the new oak tables increased?
(a) Price will fall, and the effect on quantity is ambiguous.
(b) Price will rise, and the effect on quantity is ambiguous.
(c) Quantity will fall, and the effect on price is ambiguous.
(d) Quantity will rise, and the effect on price is ambiguous.
8. Using the midpoint method, the price elasticity of demand for a good is
computed to be approximately 2. Which of the following events is consistent
with a 0.1 percent increase in the price of the good?
(a) The quantity of the good demanded decreases from 250 to 150.
(b) The quantity of the good demanded decreases from 200 to 100.
(c) The quantity of the good demanded decreases by 0.05 percent.
(d) The quantity of the good demanded decreases by 0.2 percent.
9. Suppose that when the price of ginger ale is $2 per bottle, firms can sell
4 million bottles. When the price of ginger ale is $3 per bottle, firms can
sell 2 million bottles. Which of the following statements is true?
(a) The demand for ginger ale is income inelastic, so an increase in the price
of ginger ale will increase the total revenue of ginger ale producers.
(b) The demand for ginger ale is income elastic, so an increase in the price
of ginger ale will increase the total revenue of ginger ale producers.
(c) The demand for ginger ale is price elastic, so an increase in the price
of ginger ale will decrease the total revenue of ginger ale producers
(d) The demand for ginger ale is price inelastic, so an increase in the price
of ginger ale will increase the total revenue of ginger ale producers.
10. Suppose sellers of liquor are required to send $5.00 to the government for
every bottle of liquor they sell. Further, suppose this tax causes the price
paid by buyers of liquor to rise by $3.00 per bottle. Which of the following
statements is correct?
(a) This tax causes the supply curve for liquor to shift upward by $5.00 at
each quantity of liquor.
(b) The effective price received by sellers is $5.00 per bottle less than it
was before the tax.
(c) Forty percent of the burden of the tax falls on buyers.
(d) All of the above are correct.
11. Total surplus in a market will increase when the government
(a) imposes a tax on that market.
(b) imposes a binding price floor on that market.
(c) removes a binding price ceiling from that market.
(d) None of the above is correct.
12. When a nation first begins to trade with other countries and the nation
becomes an importer of corn,
(a) this is an indication that the world price of corn exceeds the nation's
domestic price of corn in the absence of trade.
(b) this is an indication that the nation has a comparative advantage in
producing corn.
(c) the nation’s consumers of corn become better off and the nation's
producers of corn become worse off.
(d) All of the above are correct.
13. Suppose a tax of $5 per unit is imposed on a good, and the tax causes the
equilibrium quantity of the good to decrease from 200 units to 100 units. The
tax decreases consumer surplus by $450 and decreases producer surplus by $300.
The deadweight loss from the tax is
(a) $250.
(b) $500.
(c) $700.
(d) $1,000.
14. Suppose that electricity producers create a negative externality equal to
$5 per unit. Further suppose that the government gives a $5 per unit subsidy to
producers.What is the relationship between the equilibrium quantity and the
socially optimal quantity of electricity to be produced?
(a) They are equal.
(b) The equilibrium quantity is greater than the socially optimal quantity.
(c) The equilibrium quantity is less than the socially optimal quantity.
(d) There is not enough information to answer the question.
15. Economists tend to see ticket scalping (黃牛票) as
(a) a way for a few to profit without producing anything of value.
(b) an inequitable interference in the orderly process of ticket distribution.
(c) a way of increasing the efficiency of ticket distribution.
(d) an unproductive activity which should be made illegal everywhere.
二、非選擇題(55%): 答題時請適當說明你的想法, 答案內容以讓閱卷者瞭解為原則。
1. (10分)根據2014年10月31日聯合晚報,題為「搶台大鮮乳學生、民眾互嗆」的報導:
http://goo.gl/yZYpBA
食安風波連環爆,各大學農場自產的鮮乳大熱賣,一向熱銷的「台大鮮乳」,近來更難買。
台大農產品展示中心前的排隊民眾用寶特瓶、雨傘占位, 引發學生對校內長期存在的校外
「占位黨」發起反制;學生日前號召同學早起輪班, 化身「清潔工」, 只要不是本人排隊,
就把卡位的「垃圾」丟掉。
· · · · · · · · ·
一早就到場排隊的林老先生說,昨天到場排隊的台大學生,明明比他們晚到,卻不說分由把
地上排的物品掃到一旁, 口氣又很差, 台大學生不懂得敬老尊賢, 書白念了。
另一位80多歲的老先生說, 家人習慣喝台大鮮乳, 他不是不願排隊, 但因為年紀大、無法
久站, 只能在一旁坐著等,「台大學生如果想喝, 就應早起, 趕在6點來排隊。」
請回答以下問題:
(a) (3分) 假設台大農場每日固定供應50瓶鮮乳, 請以市場供需圖說明為什麼會有「搶台
大鮮乳」的狀況?
(b) (2分) 一般而言, 排隊會將資源分配給哪些人? 是否是有「效率」的分配方式?
(c) (2分) 按年齡長幼的「敬老尊賢」分配法是否「有效率」的分配法, 為什麼會有人主
張「敬老尊賢」法?
(d) (3分) 應該如何有效率地分配台大農場生產的牛奶, 並消弭學生和「占位黨」的衝突?
2. (15分)我國國民對大學教育的需求為P = 60 - 2Q, P 和Q的單位分別為「萬元」和「萬
人」。假設大學教育的單位成本為固定的20萬元, 因此大學教育的供給為P = 20的水平線
。請回答以下問題:
(a) (5分) 畫出大學教育的供需圖, 並在圖上標示均衡價格和均衡數量分別為何? 均衡時
社會總剩餘為多少?(提示:1萬乘以1萬等於1億。)
(b) (5分) 我國大學教育的特性是政府同時制訂學費和錄取學生數。某個年代教育部規定
大學招生人數為3萬人, 學費為2萬元, 學費與固定成本之間的差額則由政府完全補貼。請
問, 此時大學的錄取率為何?(即實際錄取人數占需求量的比例。)請在圖上標示消費者剩餘
、政府補貼、社會總剩餘和絕對損失(deadweight loss) 分別為何, 並計算其金額。
(c) (5分) 政府呼應人民「打開大學窄門」的要求, 將招生人數增加為10萬人, 但繼續採
取所謂的「低學費政策」, 學費仍為2萬元。請問, 請上圖上標示此時政府補貼、絕對損失
、社會總剩餘和消費者剩餘, 並計算其金額。相較於(b) 小題, 此時社會總剩餘增加或減
少多少?
3. (15分) Suppose that a market is described by the following supply and
demand equations:
QS = 2P
QD = 300 - P
(a) (2分) Solve for the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity.
(b) (3分) Suppose that a tax of T=60 is placed on buyers, so the new demand
equation is
QD = 300 - (P + T) = 300 - (P + 60)
Solve for the new equilibrium. What happens to the price received by sellers,
the price paid by buyers, and the quantity sold?
(c) (4分) From (b), calculate the tax revenue and deadweight loss of the tax?
(d) (3分) Instead of placing the tax on buyers, suppose a tax T=60 is placed on
sellers, what is the new supply equation?
(Hint: You don't need this part to correctly answer part (e).)
(e) (3分) From (d), solve the new equilibrium, what is the price received by
sellers, the price paid by buyers, and the quantity sold?
4. (15分) Suppose an individual loves to garden. She uses pesticides that
drift across her neighbor's yard. The gardener values the use of the pesticides
at $1,500. The neighbor values clear air at $2,000.
(a) (4分) What does the Coase theorem suggest will take place if the gradener
has the right to use pesticides freely?
(b) (4分) What does the Coase theorem suggest will take place if the neighbor
has the right to clear air?
(c) (4分) Does the solution to the problemabove depend on the distribution of
property rights? That is, does it depend on who has the right to pollute or
live pollution free?
(d) (3分) The Coase theorem suggests that private parties can solve the
problem of externalities on their own if they can bargain without cost. What
is the cost of bargaining that would eliminate the ability for a private
solution?