先說結論,本魯認為,很大的可能性今年都不會升息
看一下下面兩串數字
失業率(%) 核心PCE(%)
2010-01-01 9.8 1.560
2010-02-01 9.8 1.542
2010-03-01 9.9 1.561
2010-04-01 9.9 1.327
2010-05-01 9.6 1.344
2010-06-01 9.4 1.314
2010-07-01 9.4 1.354
2010-08-01 9.5 1.331
2010-09-01 9.5 1.194
2010-10-01 9.4 0.972
2010-11-01 9.8 0.992
2010-12-01 9.3 0.947
2011-01-01 9.2 0.993
2011-02-01 9.0 1.083
2011-03-01 9.0 1.087
2011-04-01 9.1 1.309
2011-05-01 9.0 1.429
2011-06-01 9.1 1.460
2011-07-01 9.0 1.576
2011-08-01 9.0 1.691
2011-09-01 9.0 1.716
2011-10-01 8.8 1.784
2011-11-01 8.6 1.843
2011-12-01 8.5 1.956
2012-01-01 8.3 2.064
2012-02-01 8.3 2.014
2012-03-01 8.2 2.069
2012-04-01 8.2 1.969
2012-05-01 8.2 1.861
2012-06-01 8.2 1.882
2012-07-01 8.2 1.815
2012-08-01 8.0 1.650
2012-09-01 7.8 1.661
2012-10-01 7.8 1.730
2012-11-01 7.7 1.643
2012-12-01 7.9 1.576
2013-01-01 8.0 1.521
2013-02-01 7.7 1.508
2013-03-01 7.5 1.419
2013-04-01 7.6 1.283
2013-05-01 7.5 1.256
2013-06-01 7.5 1.274
2013-07-01 7.3 1.277
2013-08-01 7.2 1.327
2013-09-01 7.2 1.347
2013-10-01 7.2 1.263
2013-11-01 7.0 1.310
2013-12-01 6.7 1.344
2014-01-01 6.6 1.245
2014-02-01 6.7 1.231
2014-03-01 6.6 1.262
2014-04-01 6.2 1.441
2014-05-01 6.3 1.517
2014-06-01 6.1 1.496
2014-07-01 6.2 1.486
2014-08-01 6.1 1.466
2014-09-01 5.9 1.479
2014-10-01 5.7 1.486
2014-11-01 5.8 1.415
2014-12-01 5.6 1.340
2015-01-01 5.7 1.300
2015-02-01 5.5 1.339
2015-03-01 5.5 1.346
2015-04-01 5.4
Source:US. Bureau of Labor Statistics
聯準會的目標一直都很一致(Federal Reserve makes monetary policy decisions
that aim to foster the lowest level of unemployment that is consistent
with stable prices)就是用利率政策,在物價穩定的狀況下達成最低的失業率,因
此要觀察聯準會升息時間點,最重要的數據絕對還是在於失業率和通膨
之前FED下修了美國的自然失業率, FOMC participants' estimates of the longer-run
normal rate of unemployment had a central tendency of 5.2 percent to 5.5
percent
其實美國最新2月份的失業率5.5%就已經達到過去預估的充分就業,理論上來說,充分
就業的狀況下應該會造成勞動市場供不應求,造成薪資的成長,推升人民的消費,由需
求拉動物價上升產生通膨。但由數字來看很明顯由2010年開始失業率持續降低,卻無法
產生穩定的通膨,或許FED認為這suggest了目前的就業水準其實尚未達到充分就業,因
此去下調了自然失業率的估計。
再來看通膨
1.為何要看PCE而非CPI?
The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) judges that inflation at the rate of
2 percent (as measured by the annual change in the price index for personal
consumption expenditures, or PCE) is most consistent over the longer run with
the Federal Reserve's mandate for price stability and maximum employment.
FED自己說最愛看的是PCE,2%的目標也是根據PCE訂的
The Fed often emphasizes the price inflation measure for personal consumption
expenditures (PCE), produced by the Department of Commerce, largely because
the PCE index covers a wide range of household spending. However, the Fed
closely tracks other inflation measures as well, including the consumer price
indexes and producer price indexes issued by the Department of Labor.
FED解釋為何愛看PCE,但仍然會參考PCI和PPI
By the way
好像很多人覺得CPI=通膨,但其實PCE,CPI都只能算是物價指數(inflation)的indicators
2.為何要看核心而不是非核心
Policymakers examine a variety of "core" inflation measures to help identify
inflation trends. The most common type of core inflation measures excludes
items that tend to go up and down in price dramatically or often, like food
and energy items
核心通膨對決策更為重要
中間還有一些太長了就算了,大意是FED看的通膨是看一段時期的平均,而且是看對未來
通膨的預期而非現在(所以儘管目標是2%,並不見得一定要看到2%這數字才能緊縮),
另外,儘管食物和能源佔消費比例蠻大的,但這些東西的價格波動較大,而且這些變化
不一定是連續的,所以在做決定時會更看重核心通膨
原文在這都有:http://www.federalreserve.gov/faqs/economy-jobs-prices.htm
這是FED自己對PCE的預測
預期2015年PCE通脹在0.6%~0.8%(12月時為1.0%~1.6%)。
預期2016年PCE通脹在1.7%~1.9%(12月時為1.7%~2.0%)。
預期2017年PCE通脹在1.9%~2.0%(12月時為1.8%~2.0%)。
由數字可以看到,美國的核心PCE除了在2012年短暫的上升到2%,整個2013和2014年幾
乎都在1.5%以下,而且趨勢其實有些微的往下走,更重要的昰FED自己的預測到2017年
才有機會到2%,那現在要升甚麼息?
個人不負責主觀推斷,升息要啟動的條件,至少要連續出現核心PCE大於1.5 1.6以上
而且趨勢向上走才有條件去討論這個問題(目前失業率部份看起來是比較沒有問題der)
剩下的美元指數,股市,國際情況,工業生產指數這些,應該是有條件討論後才去考慮的東西
總之我認為升息這件事會跟QE結束一樣繼續歹戲拖棚很久很久
幾時會升? 我覺得猜這個數字沒太大意義,我想葉倫自己也不知道,它也是要看數字
星期五不想做事發個廢文賺p幣,不要當真