雖然奧運對絕大多數人而言，是遙不可及的夢想，
但這仍然是對跨性別意義重大的新聞~
https://anntw.com/articles/20160125-jjTR
友善跨性別 奧運參賽不用再變性
黃捷 2016/01/25 14:24
【台灣醒報記者黃捷綜合報導】變性運動員要參加奧運，不必再把性別改回來了！國際奧
委會24日宣布新規，跨性別的運動員不須做變性手術改回原本的性別，即可參加奧運，奧
委會也呼籲其他國際運動組織比照辦理。
根據《衛報》報導，原本規定變性運動員須接受至少2年的賀爾蒙療程才能參賽，讓原本
職業生涯就短暫的運動員更感困難。奧委會日前發佈新規定表示，從女變男的運動員可不
受限制參加男子比賽項目，不過由男變女的運動員則需接受賀爾蒙療程，賽事前睪丸素需
低於特定濃度才可參賽。
國際奧委會在去年11月時曾收到建議，但當時並無意修改，後來奧委會醫療委員會給予建
議並輔以醫學報告說服後，讓奧委會決議放寬參賽限制，讓變性人不需要變回原來的性別
也能直接參賽，且激素療程也將縮短為1年。參與政策修改的變性人女醫生哈珀表示，新
規彌補舊規的不足，且1年的時間限制較合理。
據《Think Progress》報導，變性運動員在2004年的雅典奧運首次獲得參賽資格，但需在
生理上改變性別、接受2年激素療程以及法律上的認可，遭致外界反彈，認為「生殖器」
並非影響成績高低的關鍵因素。
美國首位獲選入國家隊的變性男運動員莫西，在得知這項消息後，也高興地在推特上分享
新聞，「當這項規定正式通過後，奧運應該變得對變性運動員更為友善了。」
附上《衛報》原文
http://goo.gl/hwEoZH
IOC rules transgender athletes can take part in Olympics without surgery
Female-to-male athletes can compete ‘without restriction’, while
male-to-female athletes must undergo hormone therapy, according to new
guidelines
Associated Press
Monday 25 January 2016 01.04 GMT
Transgender athletes should be allowed to compete in the Olympics and other
international events without undergoing sex reassignment surgery, according
to new guidelines adopted by the IOC.
International Olympic Committee medical officials said on Sunday they changed
the policy to adapt to current scientific, social and legal attitudes on
transgender issues.
The guidelines are designed as recommendations – not rules or regulations –
for international sports federations and other bodies to follow and should
apply for this year’s Olympics in Rio de Janeiro.
“I don’t think many federations have rules on defining eligibility of
transgender individuals,” IOC medical director Dr Richard Budgett said. “
This should give them the confidence and stimulus to put these rules in place.
”
Under the previous IOC guidelines, approved in 2003, athletes who
transitioned from male to female or vice versa were required to have
reassignment surgery followed by at least two years of hormone therapy in
order to be eligible to compete.
Now, surgery will no longer be required, with female-to-male transgender
athletes eligible to take part in men’s competitions “without restriction”.
Meanwhile, male-to-female transgender athletes will need to demonstrate that
their testosterone level has been below a certain cutoff point for at least
one year before their first competition.
“It is necessary to ensure insofar as possible that trans athletes are not
excluded from the opportunity to participate in sporting competition,” the
IOC said in a document (pdf) posted on its website that outlines the
guidelines. “The overriding sporting objective is and remains the guarantee
of fair competition.
“To require surgical anatomical changes as a precondition to participation
is not necessary to preserve fair competition and may be inconsistent with
developing legislation and notions of human rights,” it added.
The guidelines, first reported by Outsports.com, were approved after a
meeting in November 2015 in Lausanne, Switzerland, of Olympic officials and
medical experts.
Budgett said there were no plans for the guidelines to be sent for approval
by the IOC executive board.
“This is a scientific consensus paper, not a rule or regulation,” he said.
“It is the advice of the medical and scientific commission and what we
consider the best advice.”
Former IOC medical commission chairman Arne Ljungqvist, who was among the
experts involved in drafting the new guidelines, said the consensus was
driven by social and political changes.
“It has become much more of a social issue than in the past,” he told
Associated Press. “We had to review and look into this from a new angle. We
needed to adapt to the modern legislation around the world. We felt we cannot
impose a surgery if that is no longer a legal requirement.
“Those cases are very few, but we had to answer the question,” he added. “
It is an adaptation to a human rights issue. This is an important matter. It’
s a trend of being more flexible and more liberal.”
Under the new rules, an athlete transitioning to a woman must undergo hormone
therapy and demonstrate that the total level of male testosterone in the
blood has been below 10 nanomols per litre for at least a year prior to
competing.
The previous rule stated that, in addition to reassignment surgery, the
athlete required a minimum of two years of hormone treatment. How long it
will take the athlete to reach the new cutoff limit will depend on individual
cases, Ljungqvist said.
“If you change sex, you will have to have a hormone level below 10 for 12
months,” he said. “That does not mean a one-year guarantee. You don’t go
below 10 from day one. It takes quite some time. It can take more than one
year or two years.”
The issue gained extra prominence after former Olympic decathlon champion
Caitlyn Jenner announced last year that she had transitioned to a woman.
The IOC document also cited the case of hyperandrogenism, or presence of high
levels of testosterone in female athletes.
Indian sprinter Dutee Chand was suspended by the IAAF in 2014 due to
hyperandrogenism and missed the Commonwealth games and Asian games.
But the court of arbitration for sport (CAS) suspended the rule last year,
saying the IAAF had failed to prove that women with naturally high levels of
testosterone had a competitive edge. Chand was cleared to compete, and the
court gave the IAAF until July 2017 to present new scientific evidence.
The IOC statement urged the IAAF and others to go back to the CAS with
arguments in favor of reinstating the rule.
“To avoid discrimination, if not eligible for female competition, the
athlete should be eligible to compete in male competition,” the IOC said.
The issue of gender verification gained global attention after South African
runner Caster Semenya was ordered to undergo sex tests after winning the 800m
world title in 2009. She was eventually cleared to compete by the IAAF and
won silver in the 800m at the 2012 London Olympics.
The IOC used to conduct gender verification tests at the Olympics, but those
chromosome-based screenings were dropped before the 2000 Sydney Games because
they were deemed unscientific and unethical.
相關報導 http://goo.gl/K3fW0R
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簡單整理一下，奧委會提出的方針中，
FtM不必通過特別標準(因為男性選手運動成績明顯比女性高)，
MtF參加奧運的標準如下：
1.性別認同為女性並持續4年以上
2.在參賽的前12個月以上，睪固酮在10 nmol/L (288 ng/dL)以下，
比賽期間也要維持在上述水準
[這對一般MtF而言很高，但運動員因為訓練量大，雄激素自然比正常人高，
也包括原生女，所以這樣制定較為合理]
雖然這個標準應該滿具有指標性的，但畢竟只是個方針(guideline)，沒有強制性，
各國在奧運選手選拔與培訓上，對跨性別的規定與態度不見得會跟進，
加上運動選手的養成往往要經過很多階層，
學校校隊、業餘運動、職業運動等等的規範與環境都會影響到。
而且就新聞底下的留言中，反對聲浪也不少，雖然大多數是不懂的人在跳針，
例如提到「讓男生可以參加女生組的比賽，不就天下無敵了？」
顯然很多人還天真地以為讓MtF參加奧運等於讓麻里愛參加奧運。XD
但其實運動表現與雄激素含量息息相關，MtF在HRT一年以後基本上就與原生女無異了。
我在Amelia Gapin(美國著名MtF馬拉松跑者)的部落格上，
以及與她本人聊天得到的感覺也是如此。
台灣運動界要做到對跨性別(尤其是MtF)普遍友善，恐怕還有很長的一段路...
上週末我去跑渣打馬拉松，報名的就是男子組，因為證件上還不能換性別啊><
一度考慮要致電路跑協會詢問，但後來想想還是算了，
畢竟一來我也還沒拿到GID，二來也還沒快到進女生組會搶走原生女的排名XD
(假如是去年11月巔峰時期參賽，或許有這種可能)
然後發現男女號碼布顏色根本是反白的...
我就大喇喇掛著男生組的號碼布穿短裙跑了21K，也是滿有戲的，而且照片超好找XD