http://supreme.justia.com/us/471/1/case.html
簡單翻譯一下判例
A Tennessee statute provides that, if, after a police officer has given
notice of an intent to arrest a criminal suspect, the suspect flees or
forcibly resists, "the officer may use all the necessary means to effect the
arrest.
田納西的法令規定如果警官在發出警告後嫌犯依然逃跑或強行抵抗警官可以用所有
必要手段加以逮捕
" Acting under the authority of this statute, a Memphis police officer
shot and killed appellee-respondent Garner's son as, after being told to
halt, the son fled over a fence at night in the backyard of a house he was
suspected of burglarizing. The officer used deadly force despite being
"reasonably sure" the suspect was unarmed and thinking that he was 17 or 18
years old, and of slight build.
在這個法令的權力下一個孟菲斯警官開槍射殺了被懷疑竊盜並在警告停止後依然翻越圍籬
逃跑的青年
儘管合理的確定嫌犯只有17,8歲也沒有武裝但是警官仍舊使用了致命的火力
The father subsequently brought an action in
Federal District Court, seeking damages under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for asserted
violations of his son's constitutional rights. The District Court held that
the statute and the officer's actions were constitutional.
孩子的父親在聯邦地區法院上訴侵害他兒子的權利但地區法院法院認為行動合法
The Court of Appeals reversed
上訴法院推翻地區法院的判決
Held: The Tennessee statute is unconstitutional insofar as it authorizes the
use of deadly force against, as in this case, an apparently unarmed,
nondangerous fleeing suspect; such force may not be used unless necessary to
prevent the escape and the officer has probable cause to believe that the
suspect poses a significant threat of death or serious physical injury to the
officer or others. Pp. 497 U. S. 7-22
田納西法令在授權對這案件下沒有武裝沒有危險性只是逃跑的嫌犯使用致命武力是違憲的
這些武力不能被用在除了防止構成重大死亡威脅的嫌犯或對警官造成嚴重傷害的人以外
(好饒口 總之是只能用在死亡威脅或警官造成嚴重傷害)
前兩段大致上應該是這樣 有翻錯請說 我再更改
順便回一下
再查資料過程中發現警大的資料 其中有一段
原址:http://pa.cpu.edu.tw/ezfiles/9/1009/attach/29/pta_1123_4404145_81477.ppt
檢視強制力的運用層級
強力制伏(Pain compliance):警察在不傷害當事人前提下制伏當事人,例如:以擒拿術
控制當事人行動。
運用裝備控制(Impact techniques):此措施是對付反抗者的作為,但不傷害到性命。例
如:使用警棍。
致命性強制力(Deadly force):主要是指警察使用槍枝,使用對象是有明顯危害他人生
命者或暴力犯逃犯,在不聽警察命令時警察得依據法令使用槍械。
強制力有許多層級的 不是只能開槍
說真的 在只是逃跑的時候開槍 不管是哪裡看都很詭異
因為懷疑有危險性所以開槍?
那些看到有人逃跑就未卜先知的先知們 請問沒有犯罪事實要怎麼開槍?
就算要依照用槍條例第四條的
三、依法應逮捕、拘禁之人拒捕、脫逃,或他人助其拒捕、脫逃時。
沒有犯罪事實也無法逮捕
刑事訴訟法上規定可以成為逮捕的客體者唯有現行犯及通緝犯,現行犯不問何人得逕行逮
捕之(刑事訴訟法第八十八條第一項),通緝犯利害關係人亦得逮捕之(刑事訴訟法第八十
七條第二項)
http://lawinfo.lmcc.fju.edu.tw/Lawshow/criminal/cri_arrest.htm