課程名稱︰經濟學原理與實習上
課程性質：必修 / 通識A5*
課程教師︰駱明慶
開課學院：社會科學院
開課系所︰經濟學系
考試日期（年月日）︰96.01.15
考試時限（分鐘）：110
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
一、選擇題，回答正確選項即可，不須說明。每題2分，共40分。
1. For a profit maximizing monopolist
(a)Price is equal to marginal revenue and marginal revenue is equal to marginal
cost.
(b)Price is greater than marginal revenue and marginal revenue is equal to
marginal cost.
(c)Price is greater than marginal revenue and marginal revenue is greater than
marginal cost.
(d)Price is equal to marginal revenue and marginal revenue is greater than
marginal cost.
2. Suppose for a given firm with the usual cost structure (U-shaped ATC & AVC) MC=10 and ATC=5 when the firm is producing 10 units of output (q=10). Given this information, which of the following could possibly true?
(a) ATC is falling and MC and ATC intersect at q=5.
(b) ATC is falling and MC and ATC intersect at q=15.
(c) ATC is rising and MC and ATC intersect at q=5.
(d) ATC is rising and MC and ATC intersect at q=15.
3. Which of the following arguments supports the superiority of pollution taxes
and tradable pollution permits to the standard regulatory approach?
I. Regulation requires that the omniscient planner (economic god) have perfect
knowledge of each firm's cost of pollution reduction to reach the efficient
outcome.
II. Regulation gives weaker incentives for firms to innovate in pollution
reduction.
III. Regulation ignores the fact that different firms can reduce pollution at
different costs.
(a) I, II and III (b) I and II only (c) II and III only (d) III only
4. If a firm is producing where P > ATC and MC > MR, then the firm is producing
______ output and is making _____
(a) Too much; profits
(b) Too much; losses
(c) Too little; profits
(d) Too little; losses
5. In a competitive industry, entry and exit cause the long run industry
quantity supplied to be ____ to price changes than is the short run quantity
supplied.
(a) More responsive
(b) Less responsive
(c) Equally responsive
(d) It varies from industry to industry
6. Diminishing marginal product serves to have what effect on the shape of the
production function?
(a)The slope of the production function decreases as the quantity of the input
increases.
(b)The production function becomes steeper as the quantity of the input
increases
(c)The production function slopes downward.
(d)The production function is horizontal beyond a certain quantity of the input.
7. If the marginal tax rate rises as income rises:
(a)Higher income families, in general, pay a larger percentage of their income
in taxes
(b)Lower income families, in general, pay a larger percentage of their income
in taxes.
(c)A disproportionately large share of the tax burden falls unjustly upon the
poor.
(d)Higher income families pay the same percentage of their income in taxes as
lower income families.
8. The tragedy of the commons refers to goods that are:
(a) Excludable but not rivalrous
(b) Rivalrous but not excludable
(c) Neither rivalrous nor excludable
(d) Both rivalrous and excludable
9. An industry's numerous price-taking firms collude to form an effective
cartel (and act therefore, like a monopolist). Which of the following FALLS
as a result of that action?
I. Consumer Surplus II. Producer Surplus III. Social Surplus
(a) I only (b) III only (c) II and III only (d) I and III only
10. In long run equilibrium in a monopolistically competitive industry,
economic profits are _____ because of ______
(a) Positive; free entry into the industry
(b) Zero; monopoly power
(c) Positive; barriers to entry into the industry
(d) Zero; free entry into the industry
11. Comparing perfect price discrimination to perfect competition one can
conclude that:
(a) Total social surplus is higher under perfect competition.
(b) Total social surplus is lower under perfect competition
(c) Producer surplus is lower and consumer surplus is higher under perfect
competition.
(d) Marginal revenue is equal to price under perfect competition but not under
perfect price discrimination
12. What single value of X in the game below will result in Player #1's having
a dominant strategy? (Note: (X, 6) means the payoff to player #1 is X and
the payoff to player # 2 is 6.)
Player #2
HIGH LOW
Player HIGH (X, 6) (8, 10)
# 1 LOW (2, 4) (X, 20)
(a) 1
(b) 6
(c) 9
(d) None of the above
13. Which of the following would cause a shift in the demand curve for labor?
I. A change in productivity
II. A change in wages
III. A change in output prices
(a) I and II only (b) II and III only (c) I and III only (d) I, II, and III
14. A firm's marginal product of labor is equal to 20/L，where L is the number
of hours of labor hired. It the firm can sell its output for $10 per unit
and the wage is $5 per hour, how many hours of labor should it hire?
(a) 40 (b) 10 (c) 4 (d) 2
15. Horizontal equity in taxation refers to the idea that people
(a) in unequal conditions should be treated differently
(b) in equal conditions should pay equal taxes.
(c) should be taxed according to their ability to pay.
(d) should receive government benefits according to how much they have been
taxed.
16. In the prisoner's dilemma,
(a)the prisoners easily collude in order to achieve the best possible payoff
for both.
(b)only one player has a dominant strategy
(c)playing the dominant strategy leads to a better payoff for one prisoner than
would jointly selecting a different strategy.
(d)each player has a dominant strategy.
17. Cecilia's Cafe is a monopolistic competitor. If Cecilia's is currently
producing at the output level where her average total cost is minimized and
the cafe is earning economic profits, then in the long run output will
(a) decrease and average total cost will increase
(b) decrease and average total cost will decrease.
(c) remain unchanged as Cecilia's is doing the best it can
(d) increase and average total costs will decrease.
18. Which of the following would make cheating on a collusive agreement more
likely?
(a) Greater ease of observing other firms' prices.
(b) A reduction in the number of sellers in the market.
(c) A greater resulting impact on the market price.
(d) More frequent shifts in market demand.
19. Working in a slaughterhouse is much riskier than working in a bookstore.
As a result, we'd expect a difference in wages between the two jobs, which
is known as
(a) an efficiency wage
(b) a wage adjustment
(c) a compensating differential.
(d) a minimum wage.
20. What two main factors have raised U.S. income inequality recently?
(a) technical change and increased labor union membership
(b) increased labor union membership and higher tax rates
(c) technical change and expanded international trade
(d) lower tax rates and expanded international trade
二、非選擇題，共60分。
答題時請務必簡潔，並適當說明你的想法，計算題請說明推理過程，
答案內容以能讓閱卷人瞭解為原則。
1. (20%)
若個別廠商生產稻米之總成本函數(total cost)為 TC = 0.1q^2 + 10
其中q為別廠商的產量。
(a) (4%)
短期時，廠商之平均成本（AC）和邊際成本（MC）各是什麼？
(b) (3%)
假設稻米市場為一完全競爭市場，現在共有280家完全相同廠商，則市場的供給函數為何？
(c) (6%)
若市場的總需求是Q=4800 - 200P，則市場的均衡價格和交易量是多少？個別廠商的利潤為
多少？
(d) (7%)
短期時個別廠商如果有利潤存在，將吸引其他廠商進入稻米市場。請問稻米的長期均衡價
格和交易量為何？每家廠商的利潤為何？每家廠商的產量為何？幾家廠商進入？最終有幾
家廠商？
2. (20%)
假設有一獨占廠商面對的市場需求線為QD=200 - P，其生產成本都與產量成正比，使得邊
際成本（MC）與平均成本（AC）均為＄60(與產量無關），回答下列問題：
(a) (6%)
在無法差別取價的情形之下，獨占廠商的定價和產量為何？
(b) (4%)
承(a)，此時消費者剩餘、生產者剩餘和絕對損失（Deadweight Loss）各為多少？
(c) (4%)
現在，假設廠商可以在不花其他額外成本的情形下，執行完全差別取價 (perfect price
discrimination)，此時市場交易量將為何？消費者剩餘、生產者剩餘和絕對損失
(dead weight loss）各為多少？
(d) (2%).
假設執行完全的差別取價需要花費額外的成本，例如監督消費者不得轉賣、推測每位消費
者的願付價格，並假設此一成本為固定的C，請問C的值在什麼範圍時，獨占廠商會決定
進行完全差別取價？
(e) (2%)
承(d),社會的角度來看，C的值在什麼範圍時，就應該執行完全差別取價，以增加效率性。
(f) (2%)
承(e)，當C的值在什麼範圍時，廠商是否執行完全差別取價的決策和社會最適 (social
optimal）是衝突的？
3. (20%)
位於Raccoon City的Umbrella企業為T病毒解藥的獨占廠商，假設它也是Raccoon City
唯一一家廠商，Raccoon City居民的勞動供給函數為Ls = 20000(W+1)， W為工資。假設
解藥的生產函數為Q=2L^0.5，L為勞動人數，T病毒解藥的市場需求函數為QD=1600-4P。
(a) (5%)
請說明邊際成本函數為MC＝(WQ)/2。 (提示：先寫出總成本，再導出邊際成本)
(b) (5%)
Umbrella企業利潤極大的產量和定價各是多少？(以w表示)
(c) (5%)
承(b)，Umbrella企業的勞動需求函數為何？(勞動需求為w的函數)
(d) (5%)
承(c)，勞動市場的均衡工資為何？就業人數為何？此時T病毒解藥的產量與價格各為多少？