課程名稱︰經濟學原理與實習上
課程性質︰必修/通識A5*
課程教師︰駱明慶
開課學院：社會科學院
開課系所︰經濟學系
考試日期（年月日）︰102.11.08
考試時限（分鐘）：110
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
作答時請將題號標示清楚。
一、選擇題(45%): 不需說明, 寫出正確答案即可。
1.
Under which of the following conditions would the interdiction of illegal drugs
result in a decrease in the quantity of drugs sold and in a decrease in total
spending on illegal drugs by drug users?
(a) The interdiction has the effect of shifting the demand curve for illegal
drugs to the right.
(b) The interdiction has the effect of shifting the supply curve for illegal
drugs to the right.
(c) The price elasticity of demand for illegal drugs is 1.3.
(d) As a result of the interdiction, the price of illegal drugs increases by 20
percent and the quantity of illegal drugs sold decreases by 16 percent.
2.
Alfonso has noticed that increases in unemployment insurance claims are
associated with recessions, and therefore he advocates limits on unemployment
insurance so as to prevent recessions.Mary has noticed that most drug addicts
once attended schools, and therefore she advocates getting rid of schools so as
to prevent drug addiction.
(a) The reasoning of both Alfonso and Mary suffers from the omitted variable
problem.
(b) The reasoning of both Alfonso and Mary suffers from the reverse causality
problem.
(c) Alfonso's reasoning suffers from the reverse causality problem, and Mary's
reasoning suffers from the omitted variable problem.
(d) Mary's reasoning suffers from the reverse causality problem, and Alfonso's
reasoning suffers from the omitted variable problem.
3.
What would happen to the equilibrium price and quantity of latt ′es if coffee
shops began using a machine that reduced the amount of labor necessary to
produce steamed milk, which is used to make latt ′es, and scientists
discovered that coffee prevents heart attacks?
(a) Both the equilibrium price and quantity would increase.
(b) Both the equilibrium price and quantity would decrease.
(c) The equilibrium price would increase, and the effect on equilibrium
quantity would be ambiguous.
(d) The equilibrium quantity would increase, and the effect on equilibrium
price would be ambiguous.
4.
New cars are normal goods. What will happen to the equilibrium price of new
cars if the price of gasoline rises, the price of steel falls, public
transportation becomes cheaper and more comfortable, auto-workers accept lower
wages, and automobile insurance becomes more expensive?
(a) Price will rise.
(b) Price will fall.
(c) Price will stay exactly the same.
(d) The price change will be ambiguous.
5.
Which of the following is a positive economic statement?
(a) A minimum wage is good because it guarantees workers a decent living.
(b) A tax on the rich is bad because it discourages innovation and investment.
(c) A tax on the poor is not fair because the poor already have it hard enough.
(d) A cartel has an incentive to reduce its quantity and increase its price.
6.
Suppose the government has imposed a price floor on the market for soybeans.
Which of the following events could transformthe price floor fromone that is
not binding into one that is binding?
(a) Farmers use improved, draught-resistant seeds, which lowers the cost of
growing soybeans.
(b) The number of farmers selling soybeans decreases.
(c) Consumers’ income increases, and soybeans are a normal good.
(d) The number of consumers buying soybeans increases.
7.
Suppose that Firms A and B each produce high-resolution computermonitors, but
Firm A can do so at a lower cost. Cassie and David each want to purchase a
high-resolution computer monitor,but David is willing to pay more than Cassie.
Which of the following market outcomes is efficient?
(a) Firm A produces a monitor that Cassie buys. David does not purchase a
monitor.
(b) Firm B produces a monitor that Cassie buys. David does not purchase a
monitor.
(c) Firm A produces a monitor that David buys.
(d) Firm B produces a monitor that David buys.
8.
Coffee and tea are substitutes. Bad weather that sharply reduces the coffee
bean harvest would
(a) increase consumer surplus in themarket for coffee and decrease producer
surplus in the market for tea.
(b) increase consumer surplus in the market for coffee and increase producer
surplus in the market for tea.
(c) decrease consumer surplus in themarket for coffee and increase producer
surplus in the market for tea.
(d) decrease consumer surplus in the market for coffee and decrease producer
surplus in the market for tea.
9.
Economists tend to see ticket scalping as
(a) a way for a few to profit without producing anything of value.
(b) an inequitable interference in the orderly process of ticket distribution.
(c) a way of increasing the efficiency of ticket distribution.
(d) an unproductive activity which should be made illegal everywhere.
10.
At present, the maximum legal price for a human kidney is $0. The price of $0
maximizes
(a) consumer surplus but not producer surplus.
(b) producer surplus but not consumer surplus.
(c) both consumer and producer surplus.
(d) neither consumer nor producer surplus.
11.
Which of the following events is consistent with an increase in the deadweight
loss of the gasoline tax from $30 million to $120 million?
(a) The tax on gasoline increases from $0.30 per gallon to $0.45 per gallon.
(b) The tax on gasoline increases from $0.30 per gallon to $0.60 per gallon.
(c) The tax on gasoline increases from $0.25 per gallon to $0.45 per gallon.
(d) The tax on gasoline increases from $0.25 per gallon to $1.00 per gallon.
12.
Suppose France imposes a tariff on wine of 3 euros per bottle. If government
revenue from the tariff amounts to 30 million euros per year and if the
quantity of wine supplied by French wine producers, with the tariff, is 8
million bottles per year, then we can conclude that
(a) the quantity of wine demanded by France, with the tariff, is 18 million
bottles per year.
(b) the quantity of wine demanded by France, without the tariff, would be 24
million bottles per year.
(c) the amount of the deadweight loss is 24 million euros per year.
(d) the tariff causes French buyers of wine to pay 2 euros more per bottle
than they would pay without the tariff.
13.
Suppose that the equilibrium price in the market for widgets is $5. If a law
reduced the maximum legal price for widgets to $4,
(a) any possible increase in consumer surplus would be larger than the loss of
producer surplus.
(b) any possible increase in consumer surplus would be smaller than the loss of
producer surplus.
(c) the resulting increase in producer surplus would be larger than any
possible loss of consumer surplus.
(d) the resulting increase in producer surpluswould be smaller than any
possible loss of consumer surplus.
14.
The negative effect of minimum wage on employment will be the greatest when
(a) labor demand is elastic and labor supply is elastic.
(b) labor demand is inelastic and labor supply is inelastic.
(c) labor demand is elastic and labor supply is inelastic.
(d) labor demand is inelastic and labor supply is elastic.
15.
Suppose that Company A’s railroad cars pass through Farmer B’s corn fields.
The railroad causes an externality to the farmer because the railroad cars
emit sparks that cause $1,500 in damage to the farmer’s crops. There is a
special soy-based grease that the railroad could pur-chase that would eliminate
the damaging sparks. The grease costs $1,200. Suppose that the rail-road is not
liable for any damage ccaused to the crops. Assume that there are no
transaction costs. Which of the following characterizes the efficient outcome?
(a) The railroad will continue to operate but will pay the farmer $1,500 in
damages.
(b) The railroad will purchase the grease for $1,200 and pay the farmer nothing
because no crop damage will occur.
(c) The farmer will incur $1,500 in damages to his crops.
(d) The farmer will pay the railroad $1,200 to purchase the grease so that no
crop damage will occur.
二、非選擇題(55%): 答題時請適當說明你的想法, 答案內容以讓閱卷者瞭解為原則。
1. (10%)請簡要回答以下問題。
(a) (5%)
經濟學關於效率性(efficiency)的推論過程中, 最重要的基礎是對於「剩餘」(surplus)的
性質有哪些認定?
(許多對於經濟學的反對意見, 可能都來自於對這些認定有不同的看法。)
(b) (5%)
我國現行汽車燃料費是依照車輛種類和排氣量大小採「隨車徵收」制, 民間團體如消基
會則大力鼓吹應改採「隨油徵收」制,但多年來始終無法達成「隨油徵收」的目標。請問
, 「隨車徵收」和「隨油徵收」這兩種收費方法對汽油使用量和二氧化碳排放量的影響
有何不同?為什麼?
2. (10%)
為了振興電影產業,文化部擬對每張300元的電影票開徵5%(即15元)的電影稅來作為電影
基金, 由文化部統籌補助電影業者的電影基金。假設電影的成本均為固定成本, 其供給線
為一水平線。
(a) (2%)
請在供需圖上畫出電影的供給線, 其價格彈性為何?
(b) (2%)
假設電影的需求線為一負斜率的直線,請在供需圖上標出課徵電影稅前後的均衡價格
與均衡數量, 並討論均衡的變化。
(c) (2%)
15元的電影稅將由廠商或是消費者負擔?廠商的稅後票房總收入將增加還是減少?
(d) (2%)
假設電影基金的運作方式是由電影公司提出拍片計畫來申請,由文化部任命專家組成委員會
來決定補助對象和金額。請問這項政策除了影響電影票的價格與數量之外, 還可能會對電
影市場產生什麼影響?
(e) (2%)
Bootlegger and Basptists 或是rent seeking比較能描述補助政策下電影公司爭取補助
的行為?
3. (12%)
假設人們持有財富的方法只有「銀行存款」和「購買房屋」兩種, 前者的報酬來自於存
款利息, 後者的報酬則主要來自來房價的上漲。
(a) (2%)
購買房屋的機會成本為何?
(b) (2%)
「預期未來房屋價格上漲」將如何影響房屋的需求?
請在供需圖上說明房屋價格如何變動。
(c) (2%)
市場利率下降將導致房屋需求的增加或減少? 房屋價格如何變動?
(d) (2%)
台北市的房屋價格持續上漲, 許多人認為已經到了「不合理」的地步,因此要求政府能夠
積極「打房」。作法之一是央行要求各銀行減少房屋貸款的額度, 請問為什麼這樣的政策
可以「打房」?
(e) (2%)
假設都會區房屋的有效供給和交通的便利性有關,通勤時間在一小時之內是城市上班族可以
接受的居住地點, 且捷運開通並沒有造成外地居民移入。請問捷運陸續開通將如何影響
房屋市場的供需和房屋的價格?
(f) (2%)
假設捷運陸續開通之後, 房屋價格也持續上升, 請問這可能是什麼原因造成的?
4. (13%)
假設美國是電視機的進口國, 而且沒有任何貿易限制, 電視機的供給線和需求線均為直
線。美國消費者每年購買100萬台電視機, 其中40萬台是美國製, 60萬台是進口的。
(a) (4%)
假設由於日本生產電視機的技術進步, 使得電視機的世界價格下跌100美元。請
畫圖說明此一變動如何影響美國的消費者剩餘、生產者剩餘與總剩餘。
(b) (3%)
價格下跌後,美國消費者購買120萬台電視機,其中20萬台是美國製, 100萬台是進口的。
請計算價格下跌所造成的消費者剩餘、生產者剩餘和總剩餘的變化。
(c) (3%)
如果美國政府決定對進口電視機課徵100美元的關稅, 則此一政策會造成哪些影響? 計算此
時的政府關稅收入與deadweight loss。就美國整體福利而言, 這是一項好的政策嗎? 誰會
支持這項政策?
(d) (3%)
假設上述價格的下跌並不是來自於生產技術進步,而是來自於日本政府對每台電視機的生產
補貼100美元。這會如何影響你在(b)(c)小題的分析?
5. (10%)
大發工業區有三家工廠, 各廠商目前的二氧化碳排放量和降低二氧化碳排放所需的成本
如下: 目前 降低1單位排
廠商 排放量 放量所需成本
A廠商 100單位 $30
B廠商 200單位 $40
C廠商 150單位 $50
為了減緩地球溫室效應, 政府想要將大發工業區的二氧化碳總排放量降為210單位。
(a) (2%)
如果政府要求每家廠商均將排放量減至70單位, 三家廠商降低排放量所需的總成本為多少?
(b) (3%)
如果政府改發給每家廠商70單位之可交易的碳排放許可(carbon emission permits)。完
成碳排放許可交易之後, 各廠商將分別排放多少二氧化碳?
(c) (3%)
承(b), 此時廠商間碳排放許可的交易情形為何?
(d) (2%)
承(b), 此時三家廠商共花多少成本來降低二氧化碳排放? 和(a) 小題相較, 總成本將增
加或減少多少?