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標題：克里斯多夫諾蘭在畢業致詞上揭露《全面啟動》最後的結局真正意義
文/ Sebox
每年到了畢業季，許多演藝圈的名人就會到畢業典禮上，為他們的學弟妹說些勉勵的話。
而今年普林斯頓大學找來了《星際效應》（Interstellar）、《全面啟動》（Inception
）的導演克里斯多夫諾蘭（Christopher Nolan）為畢業生們致詞。致詞的內容引用了許
多他自己電影裡的劇情，也從中分享了他對於電影以及這個世界的想法。諾蘭的電影裡對
於現實生活或是人性的黑暗，有一些獨特的見解，而他勉勵畢業生的第一句話，就是要他
們不要繼續追求夢想。
「畢業演講的優良傳統裡，通常講者都會勉勵大家要去『追求夢想』，但我自己都不相信
這套了，我也不會勉勵大家這樣做。我希望大家可以去『追求現實』。」
「隨著時間的巨輪轉動，我們一直把現實看成只是夢想的一個可憐親戚。但我要告訴你們
的是，夢想或是虛擬的現實，這些圍繞在我們生活周邊抽象又美好的概念，其實都只是現
實中的一個子集合。」
諾蘭提出了《全面啟動》的結尾作為例子，當然也向那些被爆雷的聽眾道歉。對他來說真
正重要的不是Cobb最後在夢裡或是在現實生活中，而是去在意、去關心現實生活中的每個
層面。
「李奧納多狄卡皮歐（Leonardo DiCaprio）所飾演的Cobb，曾經沒有辦法好好的陪伴孩
子，也曾經滯留在自己的主觀現實中，但最後他什麼都不在乎了。這也告訴了我們，或許
現實生活中的每一個層次都是有意義的。當攝影機慢慢往旋轉的陀螺移動，在陀螺正要開
始不穩的時候，就切進了黑畫面。」
「我趕快逃出戲院，因為我怕人們衝上來找我，這個結尾造成了觀眾非常強烈的反應，但
很常是一陣哀嚎。我要說的重點是，客觀地看來，觀眾認為這件事情非常關鍵，雖然說電
影是編造出來的，像是虛擬的現實世界，但結局到底是夢還是現實對觀眾來說真的很重要
。這也是我被問過最多次的問題，人們非常關心現實，現實真的非常很重要。」
導演諾蘭除了提到他剛上大學的第一天遇見了他的妻子，以及他畢業當時的想法，他表示
在學校裡所學的知識並不是完美的，必須融合了更多經驗才能夠填補自己沒看見的空洞。
「我們以為自己擁有了一堆布里起司那樣形狀滿滿的知識，但那些其實只是一堆充滿空洞
的瑞士起司。但那些空洞才是真正重要的，因為你跨出校園後，就要開始填滿那些你本來
不知道自己有的空洞，你將會用經驗來填補這些空洞。當然一定會有好的經驗，也一定有
壞的，但這就是你要學習的。」
「你在這裡所成就的將會幫助你變得更好，因為你不只是得到了一個充滿知識的身軀，而
是你學習到了如何繼續學習。最重要的一個部分就是，起司上的空洞將會被最珍貴的東西
填起來，新的想法、新的概念以及那些可以改變世界的事物。」
話說到此諾蘭又拿出自己的作品《全面啟動》作為例子。
「植入一個想法的種子，隨著時間，這個想法必定會慢慢變得更重要。我覺得我有責任告
訴你們一些事情，一些在未來能夠幫助你們的事情。」
諾蘭回憶當他畢業時，世界是什麼模樣，並有感而發這過去二十年的發展，似乎都只在人
類的狹隘的眼界裡是美好的，更期許畢業生能夠從事物的根本開始做起，才能真正改變世
界。
「種族歧視、所得落差太大甚至是戰爭，我可以繼續說下去，但我相信你們一定都很清楚
，因為那些事情到現在仍然存在。我們過去二十年究竟做了什麼呢？如果要我給你們一個
忠告，我一定要仔細看看我這個年代到底對世界做了什麼。」
「事實上，我想我們有很多基本的問題沒有解決，我們一直相信如果能夠將這個世界串連
起來，如果我們能讓不同的想法、意見突破地理、經濟的藩籬自由地交流，如果我們都能
發聲，這些問題都會被解決。不幸地，到了現在這步田地，我們必須承認我們錯了，事情
才不是我們想的那樣。訊息的傳達並不是一切，有太多的智慧、經濟資源都在我那個年代
被投入了通信的基礎設施，然後完成了一些我們自以為很美好的東西。」
「看看事物的基本面，我們要如何才能改變世界？要如何才能進步呢？我不需要告訴你們
怎麼做，我只能告訴你們現在這些是你們的問題了。重要的是，人們會受到你的所作所為
影響，而我相信你們擁有無限的潛力。」
最後諾蘭打趣地拿蝙蝠俠布魯斯偉恩（Bruce Wayne）開玩笑，因為他也曾是普林斯頓大
學的學生，但他沒有畢業。
「有一件布魯斯偉恩很重要的事情，沒錯，他曾經就讀過普林斯頓大學，但他並沒有從這
裡畢業。所以明天開始，你們每個人都比蝙蝠俠還要厲害！」
（THR）
另外從hollywoodreporter 網站也找到這篇文章：
http://goo.gl/M2mG5m
Christopher Nolan Talks 'Inception' Ending, Batman and "Chasing Reality" in
Princeton Grad Speech
Christopher Nolan shared some respectful, realistic graduation advice at
Princeton's commencement ceremony on Monday morning.
"In the great tradition of these speeches, generally someone says something
along the lines of 'Chase your dreams,' but I don't want to tell you that
because I don't believe that," he told the students at Class Day. "I want you
to chase your reality."
"I feel that over time, we started to view reality as the poor cousin to our
dreams, in a sense. ... I want to make the case to you that our dreams, our
virtual realities, these abstractions that we enjoy and surround ourselves
with — they are subsets of reality," he later reflected, apologizing to
anyone who hadn't seen Inception. "The way the end of that film worked,
Leonardo DiCaprio's character Cobb — he was off with his kids, he was in his
own subjective reality. He didn't really care anymore, and that makes a
statement: perhaps, all levels of reality are valid. The camera moves over
the spinning top just before it appears to be wobbling, it was cut to black."
"I skip out of the back of the theater before people catch me, and there's a
very, very strong reaction from the audience: usually a bit of a groan," he
joked. "The point is, objectively, it matters to the audience in absolute
terms: even though when I'm watching, it's fiction, a sort of virtual
reality. But the question of whether that's a dream or whether it's real is
the question I've been asked most about any of the films I've made. It
matters to people because that's the point about reality. Reality matters."
The director of Interstellar and The Dark Knight trilogy first noted that he
met his wife on the first day of college — a remark met with palpable
audience sentiment — and though their graduation was bittersweet, they were
ready to get out there.
"We felt very much as if we had accumulated this whole wheel of Brie of
knowledge!" he joked. "Of course, what I realize is, it's actually Swiss
cheese — those gaps in there are the point. They're the important part,
because you're going to get out there and fill those gaps you didn't even
know you had, and you're going to fill them with experience. Some of it
marvelous, some of it terrible. And you're going to learn that way.
"What you have achieved here will see you through that. You haven't just
learned a body of knowledge; you've learned how to learn, you've learned the
value of learning," he continued. "Most importantly, some of those gaps will
be filled with the most precious thing of all: new thought, new ideas, things
that are going to change the world."
Nolan admitted that as a believer in Inception, "the idea that you can plant
the seed of an idea that will grow into something more substantial over time
— I do feel some responsibility to try and say something to you that will
carry forward and might help you in some way." He thought back to the world
into which he graduated: "Racism, income inequality, warfare — I could go on
but you know this list, and the reason you know it is because it's exactly
the same today. What have we been doing for the last twenty years? If I'm
gonna give you any advice, I have to take a hard look at my generation and
what we've done."
"The truth is, I think we failed to address a lot of the fundamentals —
possibly for a good reason. I think we went out into the world believing
that if we could connect the world, if we could allow the free exchange of
ideas across geographical boundaries, economic boundaries, if we could all
talk, these problems would go away. Unfortunately, I think by now, we have to
acknowledge that we were wrong, that's not the case. Communication is not
everything. So much of the resources — intellectual, financial — of my
generation have gone into communications infrastructure and achieved
wonderful things, but perhaps not as wonderful as we claim them to be."
"It's an insult to reality," said Nolan of being stuck to screens, rather
than looking out the window of the cross-country airplane he took to get
there, for example. "I have to acknowledge the irony that I am someone who
made a film, half of which is set in the cabin of an airplane where people
are dealing with realities within realities, so I've certainly had my part to
play in this, perhaps. But when you're flying in an airplane across this
incredible country, you're enjoying one of the great modern marvels, you're
getting a perspective on America, on our landscape and where we are that no
one's ever had before."
"Look at fundamentals — how can we change things, move the ball on this and
progress? I don't have to tell you how to do it. I just have to tell you it's
your problem now," he challenged them. "It's very important that people are
really affected by what you do. I think you have limitless potential."
Nolan closed by clarifying the longstanding debate of Batman's standing at
Princeton, thanks to a scene from Batman begins. "The most important thing
about Bruce Wayne — yes, he attended Princeton, but he didn't graduate," he
said to roaring applause. "So as of tomorrow, you are all already better than
Batman!"