4. 黑龍江古人群與蒙古新石器
關於黑龍江古人群的基因類型，可以參考中國科學院發在Cell期刊上的論文
The deep population history of northern East Asia from the Late Pleistocene
to the Holocene
來源連結:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867421005754
這篇論文的大意，在於測了黑龍江流域距今 三萬三千年~三千多年一連串古人遺骨的基因
探究北東亞/黑龍江古今人群的基因變化
The LGM stadial had a large effect on prehistoric population dynamics in
Europe (Fu et al., 2016; Tallavaara et al., 2015), however, little is known
about how the profound climatic changes of this period affected populations
in northern East Asia. Here we report genetic evidence from an East Asian
individual who lived during the LGM (26.5–19 ka), AR19K, which is critical
for understanding the population dynamics of northern East Asians at the end
of this harsh period. We first assessed AR19K using principal component
analysis (PCA) (Figure 1B) and outgroup-f3 analyses (Figure 1C), showing that
AR19K has more genetic affinities with later East Asians compared with the
earlier East Asians. The AR33K and Tianyuan individuals share a specific
genetic drift that is not shared by AR19K and younger East Asians, a
relationship supported by qpGraph modeling (Figure 3A) and Treemix (Figure
S3). These observations may suggest that a population change in northern East Asia
had already occurred at the end of the LGM.
大略翻譯:
末次冰盛期(LGM；last glacier maximum)對歐洲史前人群的基因變化，產生了巨大的影響
(指冰盛期過後，歐洲古人在基因上幾乎被新的人群替換掉)
但是，目前還很少知道，冰盛期對東亞古人群的影響
我們發現，黑龍江距今一萬九千年前的古人，與現代東亞人基因更接近
而黑龍江三萬三千年前古人與田園洞人(華北四萬多年前古人)
共享一處基因突變，但這個基因突變不存在於現代東亞人群上
這可能暗示著，北東亞人群的變換(新的一支人群替換掉舊的人群)，
在末次冰河期後已經發生了