課程名稱︰經濟學原理與實習下
課程性質︰必修
課程教師︰駱明慶
開課學院：社會科學院
開課系所︰經濟學系
考試日期（年月日）︰102.04.19
考試時限（分鐘）：110
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
經濟學原理與實習下 期中考 請記得寫上學號、系級、姓名, 作答時請標清楚題號。
一、選擇題(45%): 不需說明, 寫出正確答案即可。
1. Indifference curves normally have negative slopes because
(a) as consumers get more of one good, they must give up some of another good
in order to hold utility constant.
(b) as consumers get more of one good, they must have more of another good
in order to hold utility constant.
(c) the marginal rate of substitution is not constant.
(d) the marginal rate of substitution is positive.
2. Suppose that there are 175 voters in an election and that 80 of them prefer
a $100 budget while the remainder prefer a $150 budget. Which of the
following statements is true?
(a) The Condorcet Paradox predicts that the $100 budget will win even though
fewer people prefer that budget.
(b) The median voter theorem predicts that the winning budget will be $125,
the median of the preferences of the two types of voters.
(c) Arrow’s impossibility theorem says that the winning budget cannot be
determined in this election since there is no unanimity.
(d) None of the above.
3. A sheep rancher sells some wool to a wool processing company for $10. The
processed wool is sold to a wool suit manufacturer for $50. The wool suit is
sold to a department store for $200. The department store sells the wool suit
to a consumer for $250. How much will these transactions contribute to GDP?
(a) $10 (b) $500 (c) $250 (d) $510
4. If a good is produced in 2007 but not sold until 2008, than it is count as
(a) consumption expenditure in 2007 but not investment expenditure in 2007.
(b) investment expenditure in 2007 but not consumption expenditure in 2008.
(c) consumption expenditure in 2008 and investment expenditure in 2008.
(d) investment expenditure in 2007 and consumption expenditure in 2008.
5. Over time people have come to rely more on market-produced goods and less on
goods that they produce for themselves. By itself this change would
(a) make GDP fall over time.
(b) not make any change over time.
(c) make GDP rise over time.
(d) change GDP, but in an uncertain direction.
6. The market basket used to calculate the CPI in Aquilonia is 4 loaves of
bread, 6 gallons of milk, 2 shirts, and 2 pairs of pants. In 2005, bread
cost $1.00 per loaf, milk cost $1.50 per gallon, shirts cost $6.00 each, and
pants cost $10.00 per pair. In 2006, bread cost $1.50 per loaf, milk cost
$2.00 per gallon, shirts cost $7.00 each, and pants cost $12.00 per pair.
Using 2005 as the base year, what was Aquilonia’s CPI in 2006?
(a) 80.4 (b) 119.6 (c) 120 (d) 124.4
7. If quality of goods improve while the overall price level remains the same,
then
(a) the price index and the cost of living both increases.
(b) the price index and the cost of living both decreases.
(c) the price index does not change but the cost of living increases.
(d) the price index does not change but the cost of living decreases.
8. Your grandparents tell you that in 1960 they paid $0.35 for admission to a
movie. The price index in 1960 was 30. The price index in today is 171.
What is the price your grandparents paid in today’s dollars?
(a) $1.05 (b) $1.99 (c) $3.05 (d) $5.98
9. Consider a countrywhich has a production function with constant return to
scale. Now suppose that over time the country doubles its workers, its
capital, its natural resources, and its human capital, but its technology
is unchanged. Which of the following would double?
(a) Both output and productivity.
(b) Output, but not productivity.
(c) Productivity, but not output.
(d) Neither productivity nor output.
10. An increase in the saving rate would, other things the same,
(a) increase growth rate more for a poor country than for a rich country, and
raise growth rate permanently.
(b) increase growth rate more for a poor country than for a rich country, but
raise growth rate temporarily.
(c) increase growth rate more for a rich country than for a poor country, and
raise growth rate permanently.
(d) increase growth rate more for a rich country than for a poor country, but
raise growth rate temporarily.
11. Which of the following both make the interest rate on a bond higher than
otherwise?
(a) the interest it pays is taxed and it was issued by a financially strong
corporation
(b) the interest it pays is taxed and it was issued by a financially weak
corporation
(c) the interest it pays is tax exempt and it was issued by a financially
strong corporation
(d) the interest it pays is tax exempt and it was issued by a financially weak
corporation
12. The price of a bond is equal to the sum of the present values of its future
payments. Suppose a certain bond pays $1,210 one year from today and
$1,210 two years from today. What is the price of the bond if the interest
rate is 10 percent?
(a) $2,000 (b) $2,100 (c) $2,200 (d) $2,420
13. Suppose that the adult population is 4 million, the number of unemployed is
0.25 million, and the labor-force participation rate is 75%. What is the
unemployment rate?
(a) 6.25% (b) 8.3% (c) 9.1% (d) 18.75%
14. Some persons are counted as out of the labor force because they have made
no serious or recent effort to look for work. However, some of these
individuals may want to work even though they are too discouraged to make a
serious effort to look for work. If these individuals were counted as
unemployed instead of out of the labor force, then
(a) both the unemployment rate and labor-force participation rate would be
higher.
(b) the unemployment rate would be higher and labor-force participation rate
would be lower.
(c) the unemployment rate would be lower and labor-force participation rate
would be higher.
(d) both the unemployment rate and labor-force participation rate would be
lower.
15. More generous unemployment insurance would
(a) raise structural unemployment.
(b) lower structural unemployment.
(c) raise frictional unemployment.
(d) lower frictional unemployment.
二、非選擇題(55%):答題時請適當說明你的想法,答案內容以讓批改者瞭解為原則。
1.(10%)
春花的人生分為兩期,幼年和成年;她幼年時無所得,成年時所得Y。假設兩期之間的利率為r
,春花可以用這個利率任意借貸,但她死亡時不能留有任何負債。
(a) (3%)
假設春花幼年時消費C1,成年時消費C2。請寫出春花的跨期預算限制式。
(b) (3%)
春花對兩期消費的偏好符合一般典型無異曲線的特性。請以幼年消費為橫軸,成年消費為
縱軸, 用無異曲線和預算限制線畫出春花的最適選擇。請在圖上明確標出春花幼年時的借
款金額,以及成年時的還款金額。
(c) (4%)
對春花來說,幼年消費和成年消費都是正常財(normal goods)。請用替代效果和所得效果
分析利率上升對春花幼年消費的影響。
2. (10%)
老陶對財富的期望效用函數為U(W) = 2(W^0.5);其中W代表老陶的財富。
(a) (3%)
請問老陶是風險趨避者(risk averser)嗎? 為什麼?
(b) (3%)
老陶在彩券行看到一張價格為$100的刮刮樂彩券,若刮中可得獎金$13,500,
中獎機率為0.01;如果沒刮中,當然就沒有獎金。請計算購買這張彩券的期望報酬率。
(c) (4%)
承上題,假設老陶現有財富為$1,000。請問他會不會購買這張彩券？ (1000^0.5~=31.62)
3. (10%)請簡要回答下列問題。
(a) (5%)
利息所得是指公債、公司債、金融債券、各種短期票券、金融機構存款和其他借貸款項所
取得的利息。台灣現行的所得稅法規定,利息所得特別扣除額上限為27 萬元; 也就是說,
利息所得低於27萬元者不課稅,利息所得高於27萬元者僅超過27萬元的部分會被課稅。
2013.2.21蘋果日報報導:財政部打算調降利息所得特別扣除額上限。為了簡化分析,假設
總產出和淨稅收不受此政策影響。請根據可貸資金市場供需,說明調降利息所得特別扣除
額上限後,實質利率和投資支出會如何變動。
(b) (5%)
桃花源為一封閉經濟體,本年度其總產出(Y)為10000,政府支出(G)為2500,預算赤字為500
。某經濟學家估計桃花源的投資(I)和消費(C)函數如下: C = 0.7(Y-T),I = 2800-100r,
其中T為淨稅收,桃花源的實質利率為r%。
請計算均衡時桃花源的消費支出、投資支出、國民儲蓄、淨稅收, 以及實質利率。
4. (10%)
內政部的人口統計中,仿照育齡婦女總生育率的計算方式,也計算了有偶婦女的總生育率,
表1為台灣2007年有偶婦女的年齡別生育率,單位為千分之一。
Table 1: 2007年有偶婦女年齡別生育率
年齡組 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49
生育率 1000 496 243 123 34 4 0
(a) (5%)
根據內政部的統計,07年有偶婦女總生育率為千分之9500。請問這個數字是怎麼算出來的?
(b) (5%)
承上題,很明顯的,有偶婦女總生育率這個數字嚴重高估了台灣平均每個有偶婦女一生的
生育數。請解釋其中的原因。
5. (15%)請簡要回答下列問題。
(a) (5%)
健康保險全險會理賠保戶所有的醫療支出,部分險的保戶則必須自付一定比例的醫療費用。
相對的,全險的保費比部分險高。袁氏保險公司發現:保健康保險全險的保戶醫療支出比保
部分險的保戶高得多。請問此一現象是反向選擇(adverse selection)還是道德危險(moral
hazard) 造成的?
(b) (5%)
請舉出一種同時具備「一致同意原則(unanimity)」、「遞移性(transitivity)」和
「獨立於無關選項(independence of irrelevant alternatives)」的政治決策過程。
(c) (5%)
假設桃花源的生產函數為Y=(L^0.5 + K^0.5)^2,其中Y為總產出,L為勞動力,K為資本存量。
請問此生產函數是否為固定規模報酬(constant returns to scale)? 桃花源的勞動生
產力(output per worker)和其資本勞動比(capital per worker)的關係為何?